The structure of the hafnium dioxide films grown during pulsed laser sputtering of an Hf target in an oxygen atmosphere is examined, and the phase transformations that occur in them at annealing are studied by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Amorphous, tetragonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic HfO 2 phases are detected in the films. The tetragonal modification of HfO 2 exhibits an epitaxy effect on a KCl(001) substrate. When the amorphous film is annealed in vacuum or air, it crystallizes to form the monoclinic modification of HfO 2 . The action of an electron beam on the amorphous film in vacuum leads to the formation of the orthorhombic and monoclinic modifications of HfO 2 . The transformation from the orthorhombic to the monoclinic modification of HfO 2 is accompanied by a phase size effect. At the final stage of crystallization, the monoclinic modification represented by HfO 2 dendrite crystals is the predominant structural constituent.Results of electron diffraction analysis of the films deposited by pulsed laser sputtering of an Hf target in an oxygen atmosphere Line no. Deposition at T s = 410 K Deposition at T s = 290 K followed by air annealing at 770 K d, nm hkl d, nm t. phase JCPDS Card 08 0342 d, nm t. phase JCPDS Card 43 101 d, nm hkl d, nm t. phase JCPDS Card 43 101

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Firstthe partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of the melts of the Eu—Pb system were determined at a temperature of 1100—1350 K in everything range the composition by method isoperibolical calorimetry. It was established that of the melts of the Eu—Pb system are formed with the release of a big amount of heat: the minimum H = –51,7  ± 0,8 (at xPb = 0,4). Using the model of ideal associated solutions, all the thermodynamic properties (Gibbs energies, enthalpy and entropy of formation of melts, intermetallic compounds and associates) of the Eu—Pb system were calculated. It turned out that the activity of the components in the melts of this system exhibit moderate negative deviations from ideal solutions. According to the IAR model, the temperature-concentration dependences of the Gibbs energies, enthalpies and entropies formation of melts and intermetallics were calculated, and from them were obtained the coordinates of the liquidus curve of the diagram state of the studied system. As a result, the temperature-concentration dependences of the thermodynamic properties of all phases and the liquidus of the Eu—Pb system are obtained, those a thermodynamic description of this system is made. Keywords: calorimetry, melts, intermetallics, thermodynamic properties, Eu, Pb, model of ideal associated solutions, phase equilibria.

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Abstract. Method of forecasting thermodynamic properties of melts from the liquidus coordinates ofphase diagram in the area of equilibrium of a solid component with a solution is presented. Gibbs mixingenergies in the binary boundary MgO – Al2O3, MgO – SiO2, MgO – CaF2, Al2O3 – SiO2, Al2O3 – CaF2,SiO2 – CaF2 systems are calculated by this method.Keywords: a activity, coordinates of liquidus, the diagrams of the state, the double and triple systems, theequalization of Hauffe-Wagner, the melts, the partial molar energy of Gibbs, the thermodynamics properties.