Differential and total cross sections for the quasifree reactions γp → ηp and γn → ηn have been determined at the MAMI-C electron accelerator using a liquid deuterium target. Photons were produced via bremsstrahlung from the 1.5 GeV incident electron beam and energy-tagged with the Glasgow photon tagger. Decay photons of the neutral decay modes η → 2γ and η → 3π 0 → 6γ and coincident recoil nucleons were detected in a combined setup of the Crystal Ball and the TAPS calorimeters. The η-production cross sections were measured in coincidence with recoil protons, recoil neutrons, and in an inclusive mode without a condition on recoil nucleons, which allowed a check of the internal consistency of the data. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the final-state invariant mass and possible nuclear effects on the quasifree cross section were investigated by a comparison of free and quasifree proton data. The results, which represent a significant improvement in statistical quality compared to previous measurements, agree with the known neutron-to-proton cross-section ratio in the peak of the S11(1535) resonance and confirm a peak in the neutron cross section, which is absent for the proton, at a center-of-mass energy W = (1670 ± 5) MeV with an intrinsic width of Γ ≈ 30 MeV.

Coherent photoproduction of η-mesons off 3 He, i.e. the reaction γ 3 He → η 3 He, has been investigated in the near-threshold region. The experiment was performed at the Glasgow tagged photon facility of the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the combined Crystal Ball -TAPS detector. Angular distributions and the total cross section were measured using the η → γγ and η → 3π 0 → 6γ decay channels. The observed extremely sharp rise of the cross section at threshold and the behavior of the angular distributions are evidence for a strong η 3 He final state interaction, pointing to the existence of a resonant state. The search for further evidence of this state in the excitation function of π 0 -proton back-to-back emission in the γ 3 He → π 0 pX reaction revealed a very complicated structure of the background and could not support previous conclusions.

The photoproduction of η-mesons off nucleons bound in 2 H and 3 He has been measured in coincidence with recoil protons and recoil neutrons for incident photon energies from threshold up to 1.4 GeV. The experiments were performed at the Mainz MAMI accelerator, using the Glasgow tagged photon facility. Decay photons from the η → 2γ and η → 3π 0 decays and the recoil nucleons were detected with an almost 4π electromagnetic calorimeter combining the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. The data from both targets are of excellent statistical quality and show a narrow structure in the excitation function of γn → nη. The results from the two measurements are consistent taking into account the expected effects from nuclear Fermi motion. The best estimates for position and intrinsic width of the structure are W = (1670±5) MeV and Γ = (30±15) MeV. For the first time precise results for the angular dependence of this structure have been extracted.

The reactions γp → ηp and γp → η 0 p are measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy W ¼ 1.96 GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections are obtained with unprecedented statistical accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section for η photoproduction at the energies in the vicinity of the η 0 threshold, W ¼ 1896 MeV (E γ ¼ 1447 MeV). Within the framework of a revised ηMAID isobar model, the cusp, in connection with a steep rise of the η 0 total cross section from its threshold, can only be explained by a strong coupling of the poorly known Nð1895Þ1=2 − state to both ηp and η 0 p. Including the new high-accuracy results in the ηMAID fit to available η and η 0 photoproduction data allows the determination of the Nð1895Þ1=2 − properties.

The cell envelope stress response mediated by the LiaFSR Lm three-component system of Listeria monocytogenes is controlled via the phosphatase activity of the bifunctional histidine kinase LiaS Lm