Background-Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a genetic disorder causing life-threatening arrhythmias whenever sympathetic activity increases. β-Βlockers are the mainstay of therapy; when they fail, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are used but often cause multiple shocks. Preliminary results with flecainide appear encouraging.We proposed left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD) as useful additional therapy, but evidence remains anecdotal. Methods and Results-We report 63 patients with CPVT who underwent LCSD as secondary (n=54) or primary (n=9) prevention. The median post-LCSD follow-up was 37 months. The 9 asymptomatic patients remained free of major cardiac events. Of the 54 patients with prior major cardiac events either on (n=38) or off (n=16) optimal medical therapy, 13 (24%) had at least 1 recurrence: 0 patients had an aborted cardiac arrest, 2 patients had syncope only, 10 patients had ≥1 appropriate ICD discharges, and 1 patient died suddenly. The 1-and 2-year cumulative event-free survival rates were 87% and 81%. The percentage of patients with major cardiac events despite optimal medical therapy (n=38) was reduced from 100% to 32% (P<0.001) after LCSD, and among 29 patients with a presurgical ICD, the rate of shocks dropped by 93% from 3.6 to 0.6 shocks per person per year (P<0.001). Patients with an incomplete LCSD (n=7) were more likely to experience major cardiac events after LCSD (71% versus 17%; P<0.01) than those with a complete LCSD. Conclusions-LCSD is an effective antifibrillatory intervention for patients with CPVT. Whenever syncope occurs despite optimal medical therapy, LCSD could be considered the next step rather than an ICD and could complement ICDs in patients with recurrent shocks.
Mutations in DES, encoding desmin protein, are associated with different kinds of skeletal and/or cardiac myopathies. However, it is unknown, whether DES mutations are associated with left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT). Here, we performed a clinical examination and subsequent genetic analysis in a family, with two individuals presenting LVHT with conduction disease and skeletal myopathy. The genetic analysis revealed a novel small in‐frame deletion within the DES gene, p.Q113_L115del, affecting the α‐helical rod domain. Immunohistochemistry analysis of explanted myocardial tissue from the index patient revealed an abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of desmin and a degraded sarcomeric structure. Cell transfection experiments with wild‐type and mutant desmin verified the cytoplasmic aggregation and accumulation of mutant desmin. Cotransfection experiments were performed to model the heterozygous state of the patients and revealed a dominant negative effect of the mutant desmin on filament assembly. DES:p.Q113_L115del is classified as a pathogenic mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy with prominent LVHT.
Here, we present a small Russian family, where the index patient received a diagnosis of left-ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) in combination with a skeletal myopathy. Clinical follow-up analysis revealed a LVNC phenotype also in her son. Therefore, we applied a broad next-generation sequencing gene panel approach for the identification of the underlying mutation. Interestingly, DES-p.A337P was identified in the genomes of both patients, whereas only the index patient carried DSP-p.L1348X. DES encodes the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin and DSP encodes desmoplakin, which is a cytolinker protein connecting desmosomes with the intermediate filaments. Because the majority of DES mutations cause severe filament assembly defects and because this mutation was found in both affected patients, we analyzed this DES mutation in vitro by cell transfection experiments in combination with confocal microscopy. Of note, desmin-p.A337P forms cytoplasmic aggregates in transfected SW-13 cells and in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells underlining its pathogenicity. In conclusion, we suggest including the DES gene in the genetic analysis for LVNC patients in the future, especially if clinical involvement of the skeletal muscle is present.
Цель. Изучить структуру сочетанной сердечно-сосудистой и сопутствующей патологии, факторов риска у больных артериальной гипертонией (АГ), ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) и с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП), а также оценить качество диагностики и лечения в условиях реальной амбулаторно-поликлинической практики с помощью Регистра на территории Рязанской области-субъекта РФ с высоким уровнем сердечно-сосудистой смертности. Материал и методы. В амбулаторно-поликлинический регистр РЕКВАЗА (РЕгистр КардиоВАскулярных ЗАболеваний) включены 3690 больных АГ, ИБС, с ХСН, с ФП и их сочетаниями, обратившихся к терапевтам и кардиологам 3 поликлиник г. Рязани: 1047 (28%) мужчин и 2643 (72%) женщин, средний возраст пациентов 66,1±12,9 лет. Результаты. Диагноз АГ был зафиксирован в амбулаторной карте у 3648 (98,9%) пациентов: ИБС-у 2548 (69,1%), ХСН-2726 (73,9%), ФП-530 (14,4%). В 79,5% случаев имела место сочетанная сердечно-сосудистая патология. В среднем у одного больного было 2,6 диагноза из 4 анализируемых. Инфаркт миокарда и мозговой инсульт имели в анамнезе 11,4% и 9,5% пациентов, сахарный диабет-19,1%. Выявленный уровень обследования пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) не соответствовал должному объему обследования при имеющейся кардиальной патологии. Отмечена недостаточная частота необходимого назначения препаратов ряда классов, в частности ингибиторов ангиотен-зин-превращающего фермента и блокаторов рецепторов ангиотензина у больных с ХСН, статинов у больных ИБС, β-адреноблокаторов у лиц, перенесших инфаркт миокарда, антикоагулянтов у больных с ФП, несмотря на наличие показаний. На момент включения в Регистр льготными лекарствами по поводу ССЗ пользовались 16,7% больных vs 33,1% в предыдущие годы (p<0,0001). Заключение. Результаты исследования РЕКВАЗА выявили у больных АГ, ИБС с ХСН и ФП высокую частоту сочетанной сердечнососудистой патологии и сопутствующих заболеваний, не полную оценку факторов кардиоваскулярного риска, недостаточное соответствие национальным и международным рекомендациям методов обследования и лечения. Повышение соответствия клиническим рекомендациям-важный и реальный резерв улучшения качества диагностики и лечения больных АГ, ИБС, с ХСН, с ФП и их сочетаниями в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике. Ключевые слова: регистр, кардиоваскулярные заболевания, факторы риска, оценка качества диагностики и лечения, амбулаторнополиклиническая практика, сочетанная сердечно-сосудистая патология, сопутствующие заболевания.
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