The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dex and MgSO ameliorated the detrimental effects of HCI-induced ALI. However, adverse effects on hemodynamics and lung damage were observed when the two drugs were administered together.

TurkeyCarvacrol prevents methotrexateinduced renal oxidative injury and renal damage in rats AbstractPurpose: e purpose of this study was to investigate the e ect of carvacrol (CAR) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced renal damage in rats.Methods: Twenty-four male rats were equally divided into three groups: group I, control treatment; group II, MTX-treated; and group III, MTX+CAR-treated. A single dose of CAR (73 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to group III on the rst day of the experiment and a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to groups II and III on the second day of the experiment. Blood samples and kidney tissue were obtained from each animal on day 8 for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI). Light microscopy was used for histopathological examination of kidney specimens.Results: MDA, TOS and OSI levels were signi cantly greater in the group receiving MTX alone relative to the control animals, while the TAS level was signi cantly reduced in the MTX group compared with the control group. e administration of CAR was associated with signi cantly decreased MDA, TOS, and OSI levels and increased TAS levels relative to the rats treated with MTX alone. Animals treated with CAR exhibited decreased tubular degeneration and architectural impairment relative to animals treated with MTX alone; however, the di erence in histological scores did not meet the threshold of statistical signi cance. e folic acid antagonist methotrexate (MTX) is used clinically to inhibit the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines [1]. MTX is commonly used at high doses to limit the growth of malignancies, but may also be used at low doses in in ammatory diseases, including psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, to inhibit the proliferation of in ammatory leukocytes [2][3][4]. MTX remains an essential component of modern clinical therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is the primary treatment for malignant gestational trophoblastic disease [5]. In addition to anti-proliferative activity, MTX has antiin ammatory and immunomodulatory properties; however, cytotoxic e ects and other side e ects limit the e cacy of MTX as an anti-in ammatory. Signi cant side e ects of MTX have been described in several organ systems. In particular, MTX has a detrimental e ect on kidney function [6]; however, the mechanism of MTX-induced toxicity remains unclear. More than 90% of MTX is ltered by the kidneys [7] and MTX treatment is known to cause renal failure at high doses [8]. Renal impairment can result in altered metabolism of MTX, delayed drug excretion and, subsequently, systemic toxicity. e toxic e ects of MTX are typically treated through hydration and alkalinization of the patient; however, these methods are insu cient to prevent all instances of MTX toxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced renal damage [9,10]. MTX produces free oxygen radicals, resulting in enhanced li...

No abstract

Background. Sugammadex offers a good alternative to the conventional decurarisation process currently performed with cholinesterase inhibitors. Sugammadex, which was developed specifically for the aminosteroid-structured rocuronium and vecuronium neuromuscular blockers, is a modified cyclodextrin made up of 8 glucose monomers arranged in a cylindrical shape. Methods. In this study, the goal was to investigate the efficacy of sugammadex. Sugammadex was used when there was insufficient decurarisation following neostigmine. This study was performed on 14 patients who experienced insufficient decurarisation (TOF <0.9) with neostigmine after general anaesthesia in the operating rooms of a university and a state hospital between June, 2012, and January, 2014. A dose of 2 mg/kg of sugammadex was administered. Results. Time elapsed until sugammadex administration following neostigmine 37 ± 6 min, following sugammadex it took 2.1 ± 0.9 min to reach TOF ≥0.9, and the extubation time was 3.2 ± 1.4 min. No statistically significant differences were detected in the hemodynamic parameters before and after sugammadex application. From the time of administration of sugammadex to the second postoperative hour, no side effects or complications occurred. None of the patients experienced acute respiratory failure or residual block during this time period. Conclusion. Sugammadex was successfully used to reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block in patients where neostigmine was insufficient.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with the Occlutech duct occluder (ODO) in children. We reviewed the clinical records of 71 patients who underwent percutaneous closure of PDA with an ODO between September 2014 and August 2016. The Occlutech duct occluder was applied to 71 patients during the study period (September 2014-August 2016), and the results were analyzed in this study. Forty-two of the patients were female and 29 male. The median age was 20.5 months (range, 6-194 months) and median weight was 16 kg (range, 6-68 kg). The PDA was classified as type A in 54 patients (76.1%), type E in 14 (19.7%), type C in 2 (2.8%) and type B in 1 (1.4%) based on the Krichenko classification. A standard ODO device was used for the transcatheter closure procedure in 66 patients and the long-shank ODO device in 5. In the echocardiographic measurement of PDA, the median smallest diameter was 2.7 mm (range, 1.5-7.0 mm), and in the angiographic measurement, the median smallest diameter was 2.5 mm (range, 1.5-6.5 mm). All 71 patients underwent successful PDA closure with the ODO. Angiography following the procedure showed complete closure in 47 patients (66.2%), mild residual shunt in 13 patients (18.3%) and a trivial shunt in 11 patients (15.5%). Color flow Doppler echocardiogpaphy at 24 h post-implantation showed that complete closure was achieved in 65 patients (91.5%), and 6 patients (8.5%) had mild residual shunt. All patients (100%) had complete closure at 30 days of follow-up. The results of this study showed that the Occlutech PDA occluder device is safe and effective in the closure of PDA. As the pulmonary artery side of the device is wider than the aortic side, protrusion toward the aortic side and embolization are prevented, but there is residual shunt in the early period, although this residual shunt disappeared after a few months.