Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) related to HIV is becoming a leading cause of renal replacement therapy requirement is some areas of the world. Our study aims to describe the incidence and renal outcomes of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and immune-mediated kidney disease related to HIV (HIVICK) in Colombia. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including all HIVAN or HIVICK incident cases assessed by the infectious diseases division in a high complexity institution in Colombia, between 2004 and 2018. A longitudinal data model under the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method was used to determine changes on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. Results: Within a cohort composed by 1509 HIV-infected patients, we identified 22 with HIV-associated glomerular disease. Cumulative incidence was 1.45%. At diagnosis, GFR was above 30 mL/min in 90.8% of patients, and 77.2% displayed sub-nephrotic proteinuria. Factors associated with GFR at diagnosis were: level of CD4 (Coefficient 0.113, CI 95 %: 0.046, 0.179, p < 0.01), and the inverse of the CD4/CD8 ratio. The GEE model did not demonstrate significant changes in the GFR over a 3-year period. Findings were similar when comparing GFR at diagnosis with GFR at 12 (-3.9 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -7.3, 0.4, p = 0.98), 24 (-2.47 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -7.0, 2.1, p=0.85), and 36 months (0.39 mL/min/1.73m2, CI 95% -4.4, 5.2, p = 0.43) of follow-up. Conclusions: Patients with glomerular disease associated with HIV have stable GFR over a 3-year period, and low rates of progression towards dialysis requirement. Differences with previous reports could be related with early diagnosis and treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Introducción: el trasplante renal es el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, sin embargo, el número de donantes es insuficiente y las listas de espera crecen exponencialmente cada año. El trasplante con donante de criterios expandidos beneficia a un número importante de pacientes, mejorando su supervivencia al compararlos con los que permanecen en diálisis. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de pacientes trasplantados con donantes de criterios expandidos y su función renal al primer y tercer año del trasplante. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional. Se eligieron pacientes mayores de 18 años trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos entre 2007 y 2015. Resultados: de un total de 227 pacientes analizados, 18 fueron trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos. Los receptores tenían 59.5 años (37-79), tiempo en lista de espera de 22.4 meses (2.6-77.8), tiempo en diálisis de 4.5 años (0.5-18.4). La edad del donante fue 61 años (50-73). La supervivencia del injerto al año fue 88.9% y a los tres años de 80%. El 11.1% de los pacientes presentaron rechazo celular agudo al año y el promedio de la tasa de filtración glomerular al primer y tercer año fue de 58.4 mL/min/1.73m2. Conclusión: los pacientes trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos tienen una buena función del injerto renal a tres años, con supervivencia del injerto y del paciente, similar a la reportada con donante con criterio estándar. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional. Se eligieron pacientes mayores de 18 años trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos entre el 2007 y 2015. Resultados: de un total de 227 pacientes analizados, 18 fueron trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos. Los receptores tenían un promedio de edad de 59,3 años, tiempo en lista de espera de 29,9 meses, tiempo promedio en diálisis de 7 años. La edad promedio del donante fue 61 años. La supervivencia del injerto al año fue 88,9% y a los 3 años de 80%. El 11,1% de los pacientes presentaron rechazo celular agudo al año y el promedio de la tasa de filtración glomerular al primer y tercer año fue de 58,4 ml/min/1,73m2. Conclusión: Los pacientes trasplantados con donante de criterios expandidos tienen una buena función del injerto renal a 3 años, con supervivencia del injerto y del paciente similar a la reportada con donante con criterio estándar
Background Patients with COVID-19 have a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with mortality. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with AKI in patients with COVID-19. Methodology A retrospective cohort was established in two university hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. Adults hospitalized for more than 48 h from March 6, 2020, to March 31, 2021, with confirmed COVID-19 were included. The main outcome was to determine the factors associated with AKI in patients with COVID-19 and the secondary outcome was estimate the incidence of AKI during the 28 days following hospital admission. Results A total of 1584 patients were included: 60.4% were men, 738 (46.5%) developed AKI, 23.6% were classified as KDIGO 3, and 11.1% had renal replacement therapy. The risk factors for developing AKI during hospitalization were male sex (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.73–2.99), age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03), history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR 3.61, 95% CI 2.03–6.42), High Blood Pressure (HBP) (OR 6.51, 95% CI 2.10–20.2), higher qSOFA score to the admission (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14–1.71), the use of vancomycin (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05–2.37), piperacillin/tazobactam (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.2–2.31), and vasopressor support (CI 2.39, 95% CI 1.53–3.74). The gross hospital mortality for AKI was 45.5% versus 11.7% without AKI. Conclusions This cohort showed that male sex, age, history of HBP and CKD, presentation with elevated qSOFA, in-hospital use of nephrotoxic drugs and the requirement for vasopressor support were the main risk factors for developing AKI in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
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