to flow cytometry, cells were stained with DAPI to detect live and dead populations. Flow cytometry was preformed using a BD Canto FACS instrument and signals were compensated using single color controls. Counts of antigen specific T cells were taken by gating SIINFEKL specific T cells (CD4 − CD8 + B220 − F4/80 − Tetramer +) and multiplying the percentage of the total population by the total cell count after harvesting lymph nodes. here were performed under Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol A264-18-11. Conflict of Interest J.H.C. and Y.W. are inventors on United States and PCT patent applications describing the Coil29 system.

Teaching chemistry without access to a traditional laboratory space is an ongoing challenge that has become especially relevant because of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While several remote learning options exist for covering general chemistry concepts (including kitchen-based experiments, online modules, and virtual reality), few options provide opportunities for hands-on learning about the chemistry of synthetic polymer materials. Here, we offer remote learning modules that use household adhesives as a platform for teaching polymer chemistry outside of the laboratory. These modules are designed for students who have taken at least one semester of organic chemistry and have varied hands-on time commitments, ranging from 2 to 10 total hours each. Concepts covered include polymer synthesis, intermolecular interactions, thermomechanical properties, structure–function relationships, and molecular design. The experiments described in these modules also give students a chance to practice research-relevant skills such as searching for primary literature sources, fabricating test samples, explaining unexpected experimental results, and revising experimental procedures to improve methodologies. Ultimately, these modules provide educators with an additional tool for teaching experimental chemistry outside of the laboratory.

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In nanofibers composed of self‐assembling helical peptides, “capping” peptides can limit fiber growth and influence the character of immune responses raised by the materials. In article number 2003310, Joel H. Collier and co‐workers design short peptides such that they self‐assemble into immunologically active helical nanofibers. The lengths of these fibers, tailorable by the incorporation of structure‐modifying peptides within the assemblies, influence the character of the immune responses they elicit. Image Credit: Chelsea Fries and Joel Collier.

Background: Isosulfan blue dye, or Lymphazurin, is commonly used for sentinel lymph node biopsy during operative procedures for patients with breast cancer. Allergic reactions to Lymphazurin have been reported, ranging from mild dermatologic reactions to severe anaphylaxis. Case Series: We report 2 patients who experienced allergic reaction to Lymphazurin while admitted to our service. We also conducted a literature search for similar cases using national databases. Included studies were limited to retrospective studies, case series, or case reports. Patient characteristics, reaction observed, and hospital course were extracted. Of the patients we report, both had grade 3 anaphylactic reactions requiring vasopressors to achieve hemodynamic stability. One patient required intensive care unit monitoring for 18 hours, and the other required overnight monitoring in the postanesthesia care unit. The literature revealed 29 studies reporting 108 patients with confirmed allergic reactions to Lymphazurin. Including the 2 patients in this series (total study n=110), most reactions were grade 3 (57/110, 51.8%), followed by grade 1 (40/110, 36.4%) and grade 2 (13/110, 11.8%). Among the patients who had individual hospital course reported (n=34), 23 patients required admission to the surgical intensive care unit. Of studies that reported cancellation or progression of surgery after the reaction, the surgical procedure was canceled for 12 of 26 patients (46.1%). Conclusion:Although severe anaphylactic reactions are more commonly reported, mild reactions occur more frequently but are likely underreported. Although no fatalities were reported in the cases included in this review, anaphylactic reactions to Lymphazurin pose significant risks. Operating room personnel should be familiar with potential reactions to recognize and treat them early.