In this work, by using descriptive techniques, the characteristics of the texture of the CT (computed tomography) image of patients with colorectal cancer were extracted and, subsequently, classified in KRAS+ or KRAS-. This was accomplished by using different classifiers, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Grading Boosting Machine (GBM), Neural Networks (NNET), and Random Forest (RF). Texture analysis can provide a quantitative assessment of tumour heterogeneity by analysing both the distribution and relationship between the pixels in the image. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that CT-based Radiomics can predict the presence of mutation in the KRAS gene in colorectal cancer. This is a retrospective study, with 47 patients from the University Hospital, with a confirmatory pathological analysis of KRAS mutation. The highest accuracy and kappa achieved were 83% and 64.7%, respectively, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 75.0%, achieved by the NNET classifier using the texture feature vectors combining wavelet transform and Haralick coefficients. The fact of being able to identify the genetic expression of a tumour without having to perform either a biopsy or a genetic test is a great advantage, because it prevents invasive procedures that involve complications and may present biases in the sample. As well, it leads towards a more personalized and effective treatment.

The findings suggest that the indications for SFD can be safely extended to small intracranial aneurysms.

Background: To evaluate changes in perfusion computed tomography (PCT) parameters induced by treatment with conventional chemotherapy (CCT) alone or with CCT and radiation therapy (RT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to determine whether these changes correlate with response as defined by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours version 1.1 (RECIST-1.1). Methods: Fifty-three patients with a histological diagnosis of NSCLC prospectively underwent PCT of the whole tumour, before/after CCT or before/after CCT and RT. Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), permeability (PMB), and mean transit time (MTT) were compared before and after treatment and with the response as defined by RECIST-1. 1. The relationship between changes in the perfusion parameters and in tumour size was also evaluated. Results: PCT parameters decreased after treatment, significantly for BV (p = 0.002) and MTT (p = 0.027). The 30 patients with partial response had a significant decrease of 21% for BV (p = 0.006) and 17% for MTT (p = 0.031). A non-significant decrease in all perfusion parameters was found in patients with stable disease (p > 0.137). In patients with progressive disease, MTT decreased by 10% (p = 0.465) and the other parameters did not significantly vary (p > 0.809). No significant correlation was found between changes in size and PCT parameters (p > 0.145). Conclusions: Treatment of NSCLC with platinum derivatives, with or without RT, induces changes in PCT parameters. Partial response is associated with a significant decrease in BV and MTT, attributable to the effect of the treatment on tumour vascularisation.