The plausible effect of atmospheric tides on the longitudinal structure of the equatorial ionosphere is observed by the FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC (F3/C) constellation during September Equinox, 2006, near solar minimum. The longitudinal structure was first reported in IMAGE satellite airglow observations at the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) 135.6‐nm wavelength during March Equinox, 2002, near solar maximum. The global three‐dimensional ionospheric electron density observed by F3/C shows a prominent four‐peaked wave‐like longitudinal enhancement in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The vertical electron density structures observed by F3/C reveal that the feature exists mainly above 250 km altitude indicating that the feature is an F‐region phenomenon. The four longitudinal F‐region enhancements of the EIA peaks may result from a stronger equatorial plasma fountain at each longitude region produced by a stronger F‐region eastward electric field transmitted along the magnetic field lines from E‐region where longitudinal variations in atmospheric tides affect the ionospheric dynamo process.

The Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles, tailored with maleimidyl 3-succinimidopropionate ligands, were conjugated with paclitaxel molecules that were attached with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer through a phosphodiester moiety at the (C-2')-OH position. The average number of paclitaxel molecules/nanoparticles was determined as 83. These nanoparticles liberated paclitaxel molecules upon exposure to phosphodiesterase.

For establishment of the structure-activity relationship, 19 heterobicycle-coumarin conjugated compounds with the -SCH(2)- linker were synthesized and found to possess significant antiviral activities. Prominent examples included imidazopyridine-coumarin 12c, purine-coumarin 12d, and benzoxazole-coumarin 14c, which inhibited HCV replication at an EC(50) of 6.8, 2.0, and 12 microM, respectively. The heteroatoms in bicycles and the substituent effect on coumarin played essential roles.