Retinopathy, a major complication of diabetes, often leads to diabetic macular edema which causes adult blindness in many countries. The acetazolamide and topical application of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are helpful in treating macular edema, but their efficacy as therapeutic agent remains to be proved. Glucocorticoids were used to treat the edema caused by brain tumors.1,2) Intravitreal injection of steroids may be used in treating macular edema when oral administration of acetazolamide and topical application of NSAIDs or steroids are not effective.3) Some studies have reported the efficacy and complications of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection and shown the positive results of intravitreal corticosteroid injection. 4,5) However, the exact mechanism of such treatments was not demonstrated and a large-scale, randomized clinical trial was needed to prove their effects.Several lines of evidence suggest that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is mediated by inflammatory processes, including leukocyte adhesion and the cytokine network. [6][7][8] Retinal vasculature in diabetes is accompanied by inflammatory cell adhesion, which triggers vascular hyperpermeability and pathologic retinal neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was thought to mediate leukocytes bind to the vasculature, inducing retinal vascular permeability and leukostasis partially through intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). So, VEGF and ICAM-1 may be two critical factors for diabetes-induced leukostasis and bloodretinal barrier breakdown.The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat shows many of the early changes in retinal structure and function that are associated with human diabetic retinopathy.9,10) Therefore, in the present experiment, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone on VEGF and ICAM-1 in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Accumulated leukocytes were counted in vivo by acridine orange leukocyte fluorography, the retinal vascular permeability was measured by the Evans blue assay. The mRNA and protein level of VEGF and ICAM-1 were analyzed with realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. We found that intravitreal dexemethasone injection inhibited VEGF and ICAM-1 expression and reduced leukocyte accumulation, vascular permeability in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, which may be the underlying mechanisms of its effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsThe experiments were carried out in compliance with the guidelines for animal care and use of China and the experimental protocols were approved by the animal ethics committee of Beijing Capital Medical University. Male pigmented Brown-Norway rats (180 g, nϭ72) were purchased from Vitalriver Laboratory Animals Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). After an overnight fast, some rats received intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg; Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) in 10 mmol/l citrate buffer (pH 4.5) for diabetes induction. Control nondiabetic animals r...

Together, these data have demonstrated that TLR4 has a critical role in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy at the level of inflammatory cytokine induction, in both the MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways. TLR4 may become a new potential pharmacological target for treating diabetic retinopathy.

Noninvasive or minimally invasive interventional surgery was selected, and the complications were less and had no significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Tumour patients are often accompanied by cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and other basic diseases, which more or less adversely affect the surgical efficacy of tumour. In this paper, endovascular remobilization was used to treat tumour; the basic condition of patients before operation and the interventional operation plan were introduced. Through the analysis of clinical data and prognosis evaluation results of tumour patients receiving intravascular interventional therapy, the patients were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the modified Rankin scale score at discharge. The relationship between gender, age, history of hypertension, tumour width, tumour size, preoperative Hunt-Hess grade, interventional surgery method, and prognosis related to intravascular interventional therapy was explored. The results showed that intravascular interventional therapy for tumour patients can obtain a good prognosis, which provides a reference for the future preoperative assessment of treatment risk and possible prognosis and provides a theoretical basis for the formulation of treatment plan to improve prognosis.