Diurnal GF is associated with the severity of CAD, even in prediabetic patients. GF, NT, and Glycer-AGE may play a pathological role in the progression of CAD.

Serum NT significantly increased after coronary vasospasm induced by acetylcholine provocation, suggesting that serum NT could be a biomarker of transient myocardial ischemia and could contribute to the development of VSAP.

Warfarin is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant, but large interindividual variations exist in the dose required to achieve comparable therapeutic effects. Several clinical and genetic variables have been identified that influence warfarin dosing. However, interactions between genotype and nutrition remain uncertain in terms of dietary vitamin K intake. To investigate genotype-nutrient interactions in warfarin anticoagulation therapy, 202 consecutive outpatients (M/F = 142/60, mean age, 69 years) undergoing treatment with warfarin were enrolled. Prevalent single nucleotide polymorphisms in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 were genotyped, and dietary vitamin K intake during the week preceding the blood sampling was quantitatively estimated by a dietitian-assisted questionnaire. Patients were classified according to low, medium, or high vitamin K intake. The mean daily warfarin dose in subjects with a VKORC1-1639 A/A genotype was significantly smaller than that with a -1639A/G genotype (2.74 vs. 3.91 mg/day, respectively, p < 0.0001). Dose requirements did not differ between subjects with a CYP2C9 *1/*3 genotype versus a CYP2C9 *1/*1 genotype. In subjects with a variant VKORC1-1639 G allele, the mean daily warfarin dose was significantly attenuated by low vitamin K intake compared with medium and high intake after adjustment for covariates (3.4 vs. 5.0 vs. 4.0 mg/day, respectively, p = 0.028). No such genotype effects were observed in homozygous patients for the VKORC1-1639 A allele. The results of the present study suggest that the capacity of dietary vitamin K intake to influence warfarin dose requirements during anticoagulation therapy is VKORC1 genotype-dependent, at least in part.

Neurotoxicity is one of the major effects of tributyltin (TBT). The effects on the next generation of F(1) rats exposed to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk may be stronger than those on adults. Pregnant Wister rats were exposed to TBT at 0 and 125 ppm in their food. Half of the female F(1) rats in both groups were exposed to TBT at 125 ppm in their food from 9 to 15 weeks of age. Female F(1) rats were divided into the following groups: the control-control (CC) group, with no exposure; the TBT-control (TC) group, exposed to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk; the control-TBT (CT) group, exposed to TBT via their food from 9 to 15 weeks of age; and the TBT-TBT (TT) group, exposed to TBT via the placenta, their dams' milk, and their food (n = 10/group). After administration, an open-field test and prepulse inhibition (PPI) test were performed at 15 weeks of age. The mean body weights of the TC and TT groups were significantly lower than that of the CC group from 9 to 15 weeks of age. The mean relative thymus weight of the TC and TT groups was significantly lower than that of the CC group. In the open-field test, a marked decrease in the total locomotion distance was observed in the TT group. The mean values in the TT and TC groups were significantly lower than that in the CC group. For the locomotion distance between 15 and 20 min, the mean values in the CT, TC, and TT groups were significantly lower than that in the CC group. The mean locomotor distance between 25 and 30 min in the TT group was significantly lower than that in the CC and TC groups. The mean values of instances of wall rearing in the TC, CT, and TT groups were significantly lower than that in the CC group. The mean value of face washing or body washing in the TT group was significantly lower than that in the CT group. There were no significant differences in indexes of the PPI test. Exposure to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk inhibited the development of F(1) rats, which continued after weaning. Inhibition of the rats' activity induced by exposure to TBT via the placenta and their dams' milk and/or via their food was suggested. The effects were most evident in the TT group.

Background and purpose: Recently, serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity has been highlighted as a potential diagnostic marker for transient myocardial ischemia. To evaluate whether serum DNase I activity can be a useful biomarker for diagnosing unstable angina pectoris (UAP) or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), we investigated serial changes in DNase I levels after chest pain in UAP and NSTEMI (UAP/NSTEMI) patients. Methods and results: Thirty-three and ten patients classified into the UAP/NSTEMI and the chest pain syndrome (CPS) group, respectively, were enrolled. The serum DNase I activity levels within 3 h after chest pain and the absolute median value of percentage differences in serum DNase I activity levels from admission to 3 h after hospitalization in the UAP/NSTEMI patients was significantly higher than those in the CPS patients. We evaluated the patients to show positive results for DNase I activity if the serum levels or percentage differences exceeded the corresponding cut-off values. The sensitivity and specificity of DNase I within 6 h after chest pain in the UAP/NSTEMI patients without elevated levels of cardiac troponin T and the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase were 89% and 88%, respectively.