The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permission can be obtained upon submission of a written request to Oxford University Press, the publisher of the European Heart Journal and the party authorized to handle such permissions on behalf of the ESC (journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org). Disclaimer. The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The ESC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy and/or ambiguity between the ESC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the ESC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient's health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient's caregiver. Nor do the ESC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient's case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional's responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.

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BACKGROUNDThe direct-acting platelet P2Y 12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor can reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events when administered at hospital admission to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether prehospital administration of ticagrelor can improve coronary reperfusion and the clinical outcome is unknown. METHODSWe conducted an international, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study involving 1862 patients with ongoing STEMI of less than 6 hours' duration, comparing prehospital (in the ambulance) versus in-hospital (in the catheterization laboratory) treatment with ticagrelor. The coprimary end points were the proportion of patients who did not have a 70% or greater resolution of ST-segment elevation before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the proportion of patients who did not have Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 in the infarct-related artery at initial angiography. Secondary end points included the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and definite stent thrombosis at 30 days. RESULTSThe median time from randomization to angiography was 48 minutes, and the median time difference between the two treatment strategies was 31 minutes. The two coprimary end points did not differ significantly between the prehospital and inhospital groups. The absence of ST-segment elevation resolution of 70% or greater after PCI (a secondary end point) was reported for 42.5% and 47.5% of the patients, respectively. The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the two study groups. The rates of definite stent thrombosis were lower in the prehospital group than in the in-hospital group (0% vs. 0.8% in the first 24 hours; 0.2% vs. 1.2% at 30 days). Rates of major bleeding events were low and virtually identical in the two groups, regardless of the bleeding definition used. CONCLUSIONSPrehospital administration of ticagrelor in patients with acute STEMI appeared to be safe but did not improve pre-PCI coronary reperfusion. (Funded by AstraZeneca; ATLANTIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01347580.)The New England Journal of Medicine Downloaded from nejm.org at UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA CRAI on January 13, 2015. For personal use only. No other uses without permission.

Рабочая группа по реваскуляризации миокарда Европейского общества кардиологов (esc) и Европейской ассоциации кардиоторакальных хирургов (eActs) Разработаны с участием Европейской ассоциации по чрескожным сердечно-сосудистым вмешательствам (eApcI) Авторы/члены Рабочей группы: stephan Windecker* (Председатель esc) (Швейцария), philippe Kolh* (Председатель eActs) (Бельгия), Fernando Alfonso (Испания), Jean-philippe collet (Франция), Jochen cremer (Германия), Volkmar Falk (Швейцария), Gerasimos Filippatos (Греция), christian Hamm (Германия), stuart J. Head (Нидерланды), peter Jüni (Швейцария), A. pieter Kappetein (Нидерланды), Adnan Kastrati (Германия), Juhani Knuuti (Финляндия), Ulf Landmesser (Швейцария), Günther Laufer (Австрия), Franz-Josef Neumann (Германия), Dimitrios J. Richter (Греция), patrick schauerte (Германия), Miguel sousa Uva (Португалия), Giulio G. stefanini (Швейцария), David paul taggart (Соединённое Королевство), Lucia torracca (Италия), Marco Valgimigli (Италия), William Wijns (Бельгия), and Adam Witkowski (Польша). В подготовке данных рекомендаций приняли участие следующие подразделе-ния esc: Ассоциации esc: Ассоциация специалистов по острой сердечно-сосудистой помощи (Acute cardiovascular care Association; AccA), Европейская ассоциа-ция специалистов по методам визуализации сердечно-сосудистой системы (european Association of cardiovascular Imaging; eAcVI), Европейская ассоциа-ция специалистов по сердечно-сосудистой профилактике и реабилитации (european Association for cardiovascular prevention & Rehabilitation; eAcpR), Европейская ассоциация аритмологов (european Heart Rhythm Association; eHRA), Ассоциация специалистов по сердечной недостаточности (Heart Failure Association; HFA). КомитетРабочие группы esc: Сердечно-сосудистая клеточная электрофизиология, Магнитная резонансная томография сердечно-сосудистой системы, Сер-дечно-сосудистая фармакология и медикаментозная терапия, Сердечно-сосудистая хирургия, Коронарная патофизиология и микроциркуляция, Ядер-ная кардиология и КТ сердца, Периферическая циркуляция, Тромбоз, Коро-нарная болезнь сердца.Советы esc: Кардиологическая практика, Первичная сердечно-сосудистая помощь, Уход за сердечно-сосудистыми больными, Смежные профессии.Содержание данных рекомендаций, подготовленных Европейским Общест-вом Кардиологов (european society of cardiology, esc) опубликовано исклю-чительно для использования в личных и образовательных целях. Не допуска-ется коммерческое использование содержания рекомендаций. Рекомендации esc не могут быть переведены на другие языки либо воспроизведены, полно-стью или частично, без письменного согласия esc. Для получения данного согласия письменная заявка должна быть направлена в oxford University press -организацию, издающую european Heart Journal и официально упол-номоченную esc, рассматривать подобные заявки.Отказ от ответственности. Рекомендации esc отражают взгляды esc и осно-ваны на тщательном анализе научных данных, доступных во время подготовки данных рекомендаций. Медицинским работникам следует придер живаться данных реко...

ObjectivesTo evaluate gender differences in outcomes in patents with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) planned for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).SettingsA prespecified gender analysis of the multicentre, randomised, double-blind Administration of Ticagrelor in the catheterisation Laboratory or in the Ambulance for New ST elevation myocardial Infarction to open the Coronary artery.ParticipantsBetween September 2011 and October 2013, 1862 patients with STEMI and symptom duration <6 hours were included.InterventionsPatients were assigned to prehospital versus in-hospital administration of 180 mg ticagrelor.OutcomesThe main objective was to study the association between gender and primary and secondary outcomes of the main study with a focus on the clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. Primary outcome: the proportion of patients who did not have 70% resolution of ST-segment elevation and did not meet the criteria for Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 3 at initial angiography. Secondary outcome: the composite of death, MI, stent thrombosis, stroke or urgent revascularisation and major or minor bleeding at 30 days.ResultsWomen were older, had higher TIMI risk score, longer prehospital delays and better TIMI flow in the infarct-related artery. Women had a threefold higher risk for all-cause mortality compared with men (5.7% vs 1.9%, HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.78 to 5.51). After adjustment, the difference was attenuated but remained statistically significant (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.20). The incidence of major bleeding events was twofold to threefold higher in women compared with men. In the multivariable model, female gender was not an independent predictor of bleeding (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes major HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.86, TIMI major HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.47 to 3.48, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3–5 HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.72 to 2.91). There was no interaction between gender and efficacy or safety of randomised treatment.ConclusionIn patients with STEMI planned for PPCI and treated with modern antiplatelet therapy, female gender was an independent predictor of short-term mortality. In contrast, the higher incidence of bleeding complications in women could mainly be explained by older age and clustering of comorbidities.Clinical trial registrationNCT01347580;Post-results.