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The prognosis of patients with variant angina with ASCD was worse than other patients with variant angina. In addition, our findings supported ICDs in these high-risk patients as a secondary prevention because current multiple vasodilator therapy appeared to be less optimal.

AimsWe used virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) to evaluate the relation between coronary plaque characteristics and no-reflow in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.Methods and resultsA total of 190 consecutive ACS patients were imaged using VH-IVUS and analysed retrospectively. Angiographic no-reflow was defined as TIMI flow grade 0, 1, and 2 after stenting. Virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound classified the colour-coded tissue into four major components: fibrotic, fibro-fatty, dense calcium, and necrotic core (NC). Thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was defined as focal, NC-rich (≥10% of the cross-sectional area) plaques being in contact with the lumen in a plaque burden ≥40%. Of the 190 patients studied at pre-stenting, no-reflow was observed in 24 patients (12.6%) at post-stenting. The absolute and %NC areas at the minimum lumen sites (1.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8 mm2, P < 0.001, and 24.5 ± 14.3 vs. 16.1 ± 10.6%, P = 0.001, respectively) and the absolute and %NC volumes (30 ± 24 vs. 16 ± 17 mm3, P = 0.001, and 22 ± 11 vs. 14 ± 8%, P < 0.001, respectively) were significantly greater, and the presence of at least one TCFA and multiple TCFAs within culprit lesions (71 vs. 36%, P = 0.001, and 38 vs. 15%, P = 0.005, respectively) was significantly more common in the no-reflow group compared with the normal-reflow group. In the multivariable analysis, %NC volume was the only independent predictor of no-reflow (odds ratio = 1.126; 95% CI 1.045–1.214, P = 0.002).ConclusionIn ACS patients, post-stenting no-reflow is associated with plaque components defined by VH-IVUS analysis with larger NC and more TCFAs.

If patients with SF were continued on combination antiplatelet therapy irrespective of ischemic symptoms, there would occur a low rate of major adverse cardiac events, especially cardiac death associated with SF.

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