Outcome after chemoradiotherapy for HIV-related anal squamous-cell carcinoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy is comparable to outcome in patients without HIV. However, significant toxicity is seen with standard treatment regimens. Earlier diagnosis and risk-adapted therapy could lead to improved survival and decreased treatment-related morbidity.

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No statistical difference was noted in the severity or occurrence of radiation dermatitis among the groups. In addition, no statistical difference was found among the three treatment arms in quality-of-life score changes, and no patients required a treatment interruption in their radiation or in the skin care product during treatment. A cost difference among the treatment arms was noted.

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