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The aim of this study was to evaluate nasal parameters in Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion and its association with different growth patterns and gender. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 Indian adults were selected from the archives for the study. Various hard-and soft-tissue parameters were traced on cephalogram. SNA, SNB, and ANB were used to distribute records in Class I, II, and III. GO-GN to sella-nasion was used to divide different growth patterns. The nasal parameters used were nasal length (N Lth), nasal depth, nasolabial angle (NLA), and lower nose to Frankfort horizontal (LNFH) plane angle. The group differences were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and independent sample t-test. Results: On the evaluation of nasal parameters in Class I, II, and III malocclusions, N Lth was found to be greater in Class III adult. Similarly, NLA and LNFH angle was significantly higher in adults with vertical growth pattern. However, no statistically significant difference was found between various nasal parameters in male and female adults (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study found that among the different malocclusion groups of Class I, II, and III, N Lth was found to be greater in Class III adults. Similarly, comparison of the overall sample for all nasal parameters within different growth pattern showed that NLA and LNFH angle was higher in adults with vertical growth pattern. However, there was no gender dimorphism found for nasal parameters.

Objectives-This prospective study aimed to analyze 3-dimensional changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) complex with a synergistic effect of functional jaw orthopedics using a fixed functional appliance and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy.Methods-Forty patients with skeletal class II malocclusion were randomly assigned to 4 groups (2 control groups and 2 test groups) of 10 patients each. After insertion of the fixed functional appliance, the test group was stimulated with LIPUS therapy in the TMJ region bilaterally for 20 minutes daily for first 10 days and thereafter at least 3 times per week until complete mandibular advancement was achieved. Three-dimensional images obtained with a cone beam computed tomographic scanner were used to analyze the changes in the TMJ complex at the prefunctional stage and after completion of functional appliance therapy. Direct intragroup and intergroup comparisons for different morphometric variables were conducted with the Student t test.Results-The 40 patients included 20 male and 20 female patients between the ages of 12 and 16 years (mean age AE SD, 13.2 AE 1.8 years). Both the test groups and the control groups showed statistically significant variable changes in condylar head position and morphometric changes in relation to the joint space analysis (mean differences, -1.000 and -1.080 mm; P < .05). However, no significant differences were found during the intergroup comparisons at the prefunctional and postfunctional stages for the variables examined, except for the measurements of the linear distance of the condyle to the external auditory meatus on both the right and left sides at the prefunctional phase.Conclusions-Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy positively affects the quantum of the joint space, thus proving to be a promising adjunct in enhancing treatment outcomes of functional jaw orthopedics in growing patients with skeletal class II malocclusions.

Introduction and Background: Orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment require quantified occlusion finish to rule out any temporomandibular disorders. Hence, the present study was proposed to analyze the occlusal efficiency in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic and combined orthodontic–orthognathic surgery using digital occlusal analysis. Methodology: A randomized multi-arm controlled trial was conducted on 55 patients divided into four groups, that is, group I: class I crowding/proclination required extraction for fixed orthodontic treatment, group II: class II div 1 required orthodontic treatment and/or myofunctional therapy, group III: skeletal class II required combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, and group IV: skeletal class III required combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. The pre-treatment, before debonding, and 1 year after debonding assessment of occlusion were carried out using T-Scan. The repeated analysis of variance (rANOVA) test along with post-hoc analysis was carried out for intra-group and inter-group assessments using SPSS (version 21, USA). The significance level was set at a ‘P’ value less than 0.05. Results: rANOVA measurement in groups I, II, and III showed a significant difference with respect to maximum bite force difference between right and left sides, anterior and posterior region, and left lateral disclusion time. However, group IV showed a significant difference with respect to maximum bite force in the anterior and posterior region as well as right and left lateral disclusion time only. Further application of the post-hoc Tukey test found a significant difference between the To value to T1 and T2 among all four groups. Conclusion: Improved bite force was found in all malocclusion groups which was gradual in improvement from pre-treatment to post-treatment and a subsequent retention phase. The study also reported the utility of digital occlusal assessment devices as reliable, repeatable, reproducible, and user-friendly in the determination of dynamic occlusion.