Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings provide a valuable, noninvasive method for measuring human brain activity. This protocol modi es our general protocol for EEG recording (Farrens et al., 2019) for use during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was created with the help of numerous experts, and it speci es a clear set of steps for interacting with research participants, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and disinfecting equipment, all with the goal of reducing the COVID-19 risks for both laboratory personnel and participants. It focuses on the use of EEG in relatively simple research studies of adults who can easily understand and follow instructions, yet can be readily adapted for studies using other types of EEG experiments or other participant populations.

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is immense. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia had neutralizing IgG auto-Abs against IFN-ω (13 patients), the 13 types of IFN-α (36), or both (52), at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1,227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 were men. A B cell auto-immune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity underlies life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men.

Although type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major comorbidity of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the impact of blood glucose control on the degree of medical interventions required and on all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing T2D remains unclear. Here, Zhu et al. report that among $7,300 individuals with COVID-19 (among which nearly 1,000 had T2D) in Hubei Province, China, those with T2D had significantly increased medical interventions and mortality risk. But among the patients with T2D, those with well-controlled blood glucose regulation (upper limit % 10 mmol/L) fared much better than those with poorly controlled blood glucose (upper limit > 10 mmol/L). These findings provide clinical evidence correlating more proper blood glucose control with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19.