Информация о статьеДата поступления 18 августа 2019 г. Дата принятия в печать 7 октября 2019 г. Дата онлайн-размещения 31 октября 2019 г. Ключевые словаБайкал; математическая модель оценки численности популяции; омуль; криминализация; правовое регулирование Финансирование Издается в рамках государственного задания № 0279-2019-0003 при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант № 19-07-00322) и правительства Иркутской области (грант № 17-410-380003) Аннотация. В настоящее время особую актуальность приобрел вопрос правового регулирования добычи одного из брендовых видов биоресурсов Байкальского региона -байкальского омуля. В статье отражены административные и уголовные аспекты его охраны и особенности криминологической характеристики незаконной добычи омуля с учетом введенного в 2017 г. запрета на его вылов, показаны эколого-правовые и социально-экономические аспекты данной проблемы, предложена математическая модель оценки численности байкальского омуля. Рост количества криминальных проявлений в сфере использования водных ресурсов Байкала лишает науку возможности объективного определения численности омуля в озере с применением общепринятых биостатистических методов. При этом экологическая правонарушаемость и ее региональная специфика обусловливают необходимость дальнейшей разработки комплексных, системных подходов к нейтрализации вызывающих ее криминогенно значимых процессов. Превентивные меры по обеспечению сохранности озера Байкал как уникальной природной зоны наряду с различными природоохранными мероприятиями должны реализовываться с использованием целого комплекса охранительных действий. Авторы, анализируя эффективность существующих правовых механизмов в сфере противодействия незаконному воднодобывающему промыслу и необходимость создания действенных механизмов для охраны и воспроизводства рыбных запасов Байкала, предлагают описание исходных параметров и уравнений для формирования математической модели анализа и прогнозирования динамики численности омуля в озере Байкал. Приводится упрощенный вариант такой модели и на конкретных примерах иллюстрируются возможности ее применения для оценки параметров и изучения динамики численности популяции при возмущающих воздействиях. Дается краткая характеристика направлений дальнейшего развития реализованной к настоящему времени упрощенной модели. Научные результаты, полученные в том числе при помощи математического инструментария, следует использовать при формировании эффективной, четкой, соответствующей потребностям общества нормативно-правовой базы управления биоресурсами Байкала с возрастающим ее антикриминогенным потенциалом. Abstract. The issue of legal regulation of fishing one of the brand species of BaikalRegion's bio-resources -Baikal omul -is especially urgent at present. The paper reflects administrative and criminal aspects of its protection as well as criminological specifics of illegal fishing of omul in light of the ban on fishing introduced in 2017; it highlights the environmental-legal and socio-economic aspects of this problem and Всероссийский криминологический ж...
The article was written on the basis of the results of the research conducted by the staff scientists of Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Baikal State University. The aim was to define ecological and economic viability of planting of prospective autochthonous aquatic species including Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius in Maloye More fishing area. The process of fish planting is considered in the light of the need for satisfying the demand for omul both among the local population and tourists visiting Maloye More. The authors give a brief analysis of the demand for fish among the above mentioned categories. On the basis of calculations, a conclusion is drawn that it is impossible to satisfy the need for omul among the population of Maloye More and tourists visiting the area, whose number is growing fast, solely by means of natural propagation. Thus, the authors made an economic assessment of viability of measures aimed at stocking Maloye More fishing area with fish. These measures include acquisition of juvenile omul and its transportation from fish-breeding farms in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia and also construction of a fish-breeding farm in Maloye More fishing area.
Lake Baikal is a unique natural object and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At the same time, Baikal is a major fresh water inland fishing water body of Russia and the whole Eurasian continent. Extensive fishing began here in the second half of the 19th century and continued, with short-term moratoriums on commercial fishing connected with the depletion of valuable fish stocks, until October 2017, when a new ban was imposed. One of the reasons for this ban was a growing scale of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. In spite of restrictive measures, illegal fishing in Baikal is massive. According to statistical data provided by Chief Department of Internal Affairs in Irkutsk Region, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Buryat Republic, Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Zabaikalsky Region and the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, the number of crimes under Art. 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation increased 45 % from 2013 to 2018. After the fishing of omul was limited in 2017, the problem of illegal fishing became a burning issue. The current measures of preventing environmental violations in this sphere are not always well-coordinated. To improve their effectiveness, it is necessary to take into account the results of a systemic monitoring of the complex of causes that determine this problem when developing new measures. The authors of the article use mathematical modeling, primarily, regression analysis, to research the factors that lead to crimes and violations of law in the sphere of fishing. The identification and research of factors determining illegal fishing of water bio-resources with the use of mathematical modeling is an element of a deeper analysis of criminological data carried out with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of counteracting illegal fishing and protection of a unique natural object - Lake Baikal.
Lake Baikal is the largest fresh water reservoir of our planet and a unique natural site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Meanwhile, Baikal is not only Russia’s largest freshwater fishing reservoir. Large-scale commercial fishing started here at the beginning of the 19th century and, with small breaks caused by bans imposed on industrial fishing due to depletion of valuable commercial fishery species stock, continued until October 2017, when once again restrictions in the fishing industry were imposed. One of the reasons for this was the increasing of the illegal unreported and unregulated fishing which led to depletion of harvestable stock of omul. However, these restrictions neither eliminated extensive unreported fishing, nor solved the problem of rapid fish stock rebuilding in the unique lake. Using methods of mathematical analysis and modeling this article examines factors facilitating breach of law in the fishing industry and unreported fishing for Baikal omul. The article provides a brief characteristic of the Baikal oldest Malomorsky fishing area as well as an eco-economic assessment of the possibility to rebuild the fishing stock within this water zone taking into account the increasing tourist flow in the Baikal region.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.