In recent decades, immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are two milestone achievements in clinical immunotherapy. However, both show limited efficacies in most solid neoplasms, which necessitates the exploration of new immunotherapeutic modalities. The failure of CAR-T and immune checkpoint blockade in several solid neoplasms is attributed to multiple factors, including low antigenicity of tumor cells, low infiltration of effector T cells, and diverse mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. New adoptive cell therapies have been attempted for solid neoplasms, including TCR-T, CAR-natural killer cells (CAR-NK), and CAR-macrophages (CAR-M). Compared to CAR-T, these new adoptive cell therapies have certain advantages in treating solid neoplasms. In this review, we summarized the 40-year evolution of adoptive cell therapies, then focused on the advances of TCR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M in solid neoplasms and discussed their potential clinical applications.

Pancreatic cystic disease is being increasingly identified in patients, and many relevant papers have been published in this field. A bibliometric analysis was previously performed to identify the most influential studies in many subject areas, and the top 100 most cited papers on pancreatic cystic disease were analyzed in this study. The Web of Science database was searched for all papers related to pancreatic cystic disease on June 9, 2018. The top 100 most cited papers were selected and listed in descending order based on the total number of citations (TCs). The author, journal, institution, country of origin, and research focus were further analyzed. The most cited papers were published between 1975 and 2015. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm was the most commonly studied subtype (36%), followed by pancreatic pseudocyst (16%), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (9%), and mucinous cystic neoplasm (7%). The average number of TCs was 282, and the average citation index value was 21. Thirty-eight journals published the top 100 papers; Annals of Surgery (n = 14) and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (n = 11) published the most papers. Most papers were published in the United States of America (59%), with the majority from Johns Hopkins Medical Institution (15%). Canto MI from Johns Hopkins Medical Institution authored the largest number of most cited papers (n = 8). This study reviews the significant achievements and developmental trends in pancreatic cystic disease.

Tumour microenvironment has been recognized as a crucial factor influencing disease progression. However, relevant features and function are insufficiently understood in parathyroid neoplasia. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome of 27,251 cells from four parathyroid adenoma (PA) tissue samples. External transcriptomic datasets and immunofluorescence staining of a tissue microarray was set for expression validation. Eight major cell types and various subpopulations were finely identified in PA. We found that a subcluster of tumour endocrine cells with low copy number variation probably presented as a resting state. Diverse infiltrating immune cell subtypes were identified, constructing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumour-associated macrophages, which indicated an anti-inflammatory phenotype, significantly increased in PA. Inflammatory tumour-associated fibroblasts (iTAFs) was newly verified and highlighted on the role of stromal-immune crosstalk. Positive correlation between iTAFs and increased CD163+ macrophages was uncovered. Moreover, CXCL12 and receptors signalling was important for tumour angiogenesis and immune infiltration. Our findings provide a comprehensive landscape interpreting tumour cell heterogeneity, cell diversity, and immune regulation in parathyroid neoplasia. The valuable resources may promote the understanding of parathyroid tumour microenvironment.