SignificanceThe gene pool of modern Europeans was shaped through prehistoric migrations that reached the Western Mediterranean last. Obtaining biomolecular data has been challenging due to poor preservation related to adverse climatic conditions in this region. Here, we study the impact of prehistoric (Neolithic–Bronze Age) migrations in Iberia by analyzing genomic and dietary data, demonstrating that farming practices were introduced by a population genetically distinct from the first farmers in central and northern Europe. After recovering from a founder bottleneck, these first farmers mixed with local hunter-gatherers. Finally, post-Neolithic migrations had a much smaller impact on the Iberian gene pool than they had in other parts of Europe. Stable isotope analysis reveals a homogenous terrestrial diet throughout this period.

We evaluated the incidence, clinical predictors, and outcomes of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography in patients with myocardial infarction and normal kidney function. We studied 202 consecutive patients with glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The CIN was defined according to 3 definitions: increases in serum creatinine (sCr) ≥25%, ≥0.3 mg/dL, and ≥0.5 mg/dL. The CIN occurred in 56 (27.7%), 42 (20.8%), and 13 (6.4%) patients, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the presence of a high Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score (>140) was an independent predictor of CIN in its milder forms (≥25% and ≥0.3 mg/dL of rise in sCr). Increase in sCr ≥0.3 mg/dL was an independent predictor of bleeding. Increase in sCr ≥0.5 mg/dL was an independent predictor of in-hospital cardiac events (mortality, myocardial infraction [MI], and heart failure). As conclusion, the GRACE score is a useful tool to predict CIN in patients with MI and normal renal function.

New data and a review of historiographic information from Neolithic sites of the Malaga and Algarve coasts (southern Iberian Peninsula) and from the Maghreb (North Africa) reveal the existence of a Neolithic settlement at least from 7.5 cal ka BP. The agricultural and pastoralist food producing economy of that population rapidly replaced the coastal economies of the Mesolithic populations. The timing of this population and economic turnover coincided with major changes in the continental and marine ecosystems, including upwelling intensity, sea-level changes and increased aridity in the Sahara and along the Iberian coast. These changes likely impacted the subsistence strategies of the Mesolithic populations along the Iberian seascapes and resulted in abandonments manifested as sedimentary hiatuses in some areas during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. The rapid expansion and area of dispersal of the early Neolithic traits suggest the use of marine technology. Different evidences for a Maghrebian origin for the first colonists have been summarized. The recognition of an early North-African Neolithic influence in Southern Iberia and the Maghreb is vital for understanding the appearance and development of the Neolithic in Western Europe. Our review suggests links between climate change, resource allocation, and population turnover.

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