The highly infectious and pathogenic novel coronavirus (CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, has emerged causing a global pandemic. Although COVID-19 predominantly affects the respiratory system, evidence indicates a multisystem disease which is frequently severe and often results in death. Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are unknown, but evidence from previous CoV outbreaks demonstrates impaired pulmonary and physical function, reduced quality of life and emotional distress. Many COVID-19 survivors who require critical care may develop psychological, physical and cognitive impairments. There is a clear need for guidance on the rehabilitation of COVID-19 survivors. This consensus statement was developed by an expert panel in the fields of rehabilitation, sport and exercise medicine (SEM), rheumatology, psychiatry, general practice, psychology and specialist pain, working at the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, UK. Seven teams appraised evidence for the following domains relating to COVID-19 rehabilitation requirements: pulmonary, cardiac, SEM, psychological, musculoskeletal, neurorehabilitation and general medical. A chair combined recommendations generated within teams. A writing committee prepared the consensus statement in accordance with the appraisal of guidelines research and evaluation criteria, grading all recommendations with levels of evidence. Authors scored their level of agreement with each recommendation on a scale of 0–10. Substantial agreement (range 7.5–10) was reached for 36 recommendations following a chaired agreement meeting that was attended by all authors. This consensus statement provides an overarching framework assimilating evidence and likely requirements of multidisciplinary rehabilitation post COVID-19 illness, for a target population of active individuals, including military personnel and athletes.
The aim of this descriptive exploratory study is to record the temporal spatial parameters and 5 metabolic energy expenditure during walking of individuals with amputation, walking with 6 advanced prostheses and following completion of comprehensive rehabilitation, to able-7 bodied controls.
Main Outcomes and Measures
25Temporal spatial and metabolic energy expenditure data were captured during walking on 26 level ground at self-selected speed.
28
Results
29The individuals with amputation were all male, with a mean age 29 years (SD = 4) and mean
Despite current therapy, patients with WG have a 9-fold increased risk of death in the first year of disease, attributed to infection, active vasculitis and renal failure. Between 1 and 8 years the risk is at its lowest, although higher than the control population. There is an increased mortality from 8 years onwards that remains unexplained.
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