O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as fenofases vegetativas (queda de folhas e brotamento) e reprodutivas (floração e frutificação) de dezoito indivíduos de Q. parviflora localizados em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto na fazenda da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, no município de Aquidauana, MS. As observações foram realizadas quinzenalmente, no período de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2012. Para o cálculo das porcentagens de cada fenofase seguimos a metodologia proposta por Fournier (1974). Utilizamos a correlação de Spearman (P<0,05) para verificar relação entre variáveis climáticas e as fenofases da espécie. A população mostrou elevada sincronia dentro de cada fenofase e apresentou um padrão fenológico sazonal. O brotamento teve ocorrência no final da estação seca, logo após a queda de folhas que ocorreu ao longo do período seco. A floração coincidiu com o início das chuvas, logo após os eventos vegetativos. A deiscência dos frutos e a dispersão das sementes ocorreram no final da estação seca. Em geral, as fenofases correlacionaram-se com todas as variáveis climáticas estudadas. Considerando que o cerrado é um bioma ameaçado devido as frequentes queimadas e a exploração de seus recursos naturais, os dados aqui apresentados colaboram para a elaboração de futuros projetos de recuperação ambiental desse bioma.

No abstract

The symbiotic association between native fruit species with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) can contribute to the growth and quality of seedlings in soils with low nutrient availability. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with AMFs and phosphate fertilization on the growth and quality of jatobazeiro seedlings ( LHymenaea courbaril.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme. The treatments were constituted by inoculation with the AMFs: Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizoglomus heterosporum, Rhizoglomus clarum, MIX (mixture of inoculations) and without inoculation with the AMFs, associated with five P doses: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg kg-1, with growth evaluation at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after transplantation (DAT). At 150 DAT, the production of biomass, the quality of seedlings, the chlorophyll index, the dependence and mycorrhizal efficiency were determined. Phosphorus did not contribute to the jatobazeiro seedlings growth in the conditions of this study. Seedlings with R. clarum and MIX had the highest growth at 150 DAT, while seedlings with R. clarum also resulted in a greater biomass accumulation. The mycorrhizal dependence and efficiency was affected by phosphate fertilization, evidencing that jatobazeiro is a kind of optional mycorrhizal association.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of 2,4-D amine on the initial development of soybean plants after its application on the soil at different times before sowing. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the months from April to June 2013, at State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments consisted of eight application times of herbicide 2,4-D amine, seven (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days) before sowing, a treatment during sowing (0) and a control treatment (no herbicide application). The dose used was 1080 g i.a. haG 1. It were evaluated he following variables: percentage of emergency, plant height, stem diameter, fresh mass of shoot, fresh mass of roots, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of roots, nodular activity and toxicity. The soybean sowing at time or three days after application of 2,4-D amine causes reduction in the crop development as a result of this residual effect of this herbicide and should occur at least six days after application of this herbicide.