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A previously healthy 4-year-old male was admitted to our institution with acute headache, vomiting, and drowsiness 5 months after varicella infection. Brain imaging revealed a right sylvian infarct due to an intracranial arterial lesion (see Fig. 1). Apart from detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction assay, all aetiological investigations were normal. After 3 months on aspirin, there was no recurrence and his physical examination remained normal. Magnetic resonance angiography showed partial revascularization of the region of the infarct.This report fits the clinical definition of post-varicella arteriopathy. The proposed mechanism for this frequent cause of childhood stroke is focal viral invasion of the