A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised e ± p scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q 2 , and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.

Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a blue light receptor that mediates primarily blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Very little is known of the mechanisms by which CRY1 affects growth. Blue light and temperature are two key environmental signals that profoundly affect plant growth and development, but how these two abiotic factors integrate remains largely unknown. Here, we show that blue light represses high temperature-mediated hypocotyl elongation via CRY1. Furthermore, CRY1 interacts directly with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in a blue lightdependent manner to repress the transcription activity of PIF4. CRY1 represses auxin biosynthesis in response to elevated temperature through PIF4. Our results indicate that CRY1 signal by modulating PIF4 activity, and that multiple plant photoreceptors [CRY1 and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB)] and ambient temperature can mediate morphological responses through the same signaling component-PIF4.ryptochromes are photolyase-like blue-light receptors first discovered in Arabidopsis and later found in all major evolutionary lineages (1-4). Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediate primarily blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation (5) and photoperiodic control of floral initiation (6) via modulation of gene expression. For example, Arabidopsis CRY2 undergoes blue light-dependent interaction with CIB1 (CRY2 Interacting bHLH1) to regulate flowering time (7-9). CRYs also suppress the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of COP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) by forming a complex with SPA1 (SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105) and COP1 in a blue light-dependent manner (10-13). COP1 is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that acts downstream of phytochromes, cryptochromes, and UVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8) (14,15) and is responsible for the degradation of various transcription factors in the dark, such as the bHLH transcription factor HFR1 (LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR RED1) and the bZIP factor HY5 (12,(16)(17)(18). Whether Arabidopsis CRY1 undergoes blue light-dependent interaction with transcription factors to regulate hypocotyl elongation is still unknown.In addition to light, ambient temperature serves as another key environmental cue that affects plant growth and development, but does not induce stress responses to any significant degree (19). Temperature regulates gene expression via chromatin remodeling and also regulation of transcription. It has been demonstrated that H2A.Z histone variant-containing nucleosomes act as thermosensors and mediate temperature induced transcriptome changes (20). PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) is a bHLH transcription factor directly link red light photoreceptor PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) to light-regulated gene expression and plant development (21-23). PIF4 also plays a role in sensing high temperature, it not only regulates temperature-mediated floral induction in the short day condition through direct activation of FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) (24), but it also controls high temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation by increasing free indo...

The decay J/ψ → ωpp has been studied, using 225.3 × 10 6 J/ψ events accumulated at BESIII. No significant enhancement near the pp invariant-mass threshold (denoted as X(pp)) is observed. The upper limit of the branching fraction B(J/ψ → ωX(pp) → ωpp) is determined to be 3.9 × 10 −6 at the 95% confidence level. The branching fraction of J/ψ → ωpp is measured to be B(J/ψ → ωpp) = (9.0 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.9 (syst.)) × 10 −4 . 124The investigation of the near-threshold pp invariant 125 mass spectrum in other J/ψ decay modes will be helpful 126 in understanding the nature of the observed structure. 127The decay J/ψ → ωpp restricts the isospin of the pp 128 system, and it is helpful to clarify the role of the pp in the return iron yoke of the superconducting magnet. 174The position resolution is about 2 cm. 175The optimization of the event selection and the es- 247The branching fraction of J/ψ → ωpp is calculated 248 according to :(1) where N obs is the number of signal events determined Breit-Wigner function :Here, q is the momentum of the proton in the pp rest where N obs is the number of signal events, and L is the Author's Copy where σ sys. is the total systematic uncertainty which will 299 be described in the next section. The upper limit on the 300 product of branching fractions is B(J/ψ → ωX(pp) → 301 ωpp) < 3.9 × 10 −6 at the 95% C.L.. 302An alternative fit with a Breit-Wigner function includ-for X(pp) is performed. Here, f FSI is the Jülich FSI cor- between data and MC simulation is 2% per charged track. 323The systematic uncertainty from PID is 2% per proton 324(anti-proton). 325The photon detection systematic uncertainty is studied efficiency difference is about 1% for each photon [32, 33]. 329Author's Copy Near-threshold pp invariant-mass spectrum. The signal J/ψ → ωX(pp) → ωpp is described by an acceptanceweighted Breit-Wigner function, and and signal yield is consistent with zero. The dotted line is the shape of the signal which is normalized to five times the estimated upper limit. The dashed line is the non-resonant contribution described by the function f (δ) and the dashed-dotted line is the non ωpp contribution which is estimated from ω sidebands. The solid line is the total contribution of the two components. The hatched area is from the sideband region.Here, 3% is taken as the systematic error for the efficien- ciency between data and MC is 3%, and is taken as the 338 systematic uncertainty caused by the kinematic fit. 339As described above, the yield of J/ψ → ωpp is de- The signal J/ψ → ωX(pp) → ωpp is described by an acceptanceweighted Breit-Wigner function, and and signal yield is consistent with zero. The dashed line is the non-resonant contribution fixed to a phase space MC simulation of J/ψ → ωpp and the dashed-dotted line is the non ωpp contribution which is estimated from ω sidebands. The solid line is the total contribution of the two components. The hatched area is from a phase space MC simulation of J/ψ → ωpp.sented by Figure.