Tous droits réservés © Revue des sciences de l 'eau, 2004 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne.https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit.Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Résumé de l'article L'évolution spatio-temporelle, qualitative et quantitative du peuplement phytoplanctonique a été suivie au lac municipal de Yaoundé. Pour cela des prélèvements hebdomadaires ont été effectués de novembre 1996 à décembre 1997, au niveau d'une station de la zone centrale du lac.Trois descripteurs (indice de diversité spécifique, régularité et diagrammes rangs-fréquences) ont été utilisés pour l'analyse de la dynamique de la structure du peuplement. L'indice de diversité spécifique obtenu à partir des biomasses spécifiques, par la formule dérivée de celle de SHANNON et WEAVER (1949), est compris entre 0,68 et 4,64 bits/µg. La régularité (PIELOU, 1966) varie de 0,14 à 0,84; les faibles valeurs correspondant dans l'ensemble à la présence des espèces fortement dominantes. Les profils des diagrammes rangs-fréquences, établis en coordonnées log-log, associés aux faibles valeurs de la diversité, sont essentiellement caractéristiques des stades pionniers (1 et 1') de l'évolution d'un lac tel que décrits par MARGALEF (1967) et FRONTIER (1976. Le stade 2 est rare alors que le stade 3 est absent.Une analyse simultanée basée sur les variations spatio-temporelles de la densité cellulaire et de l'indice de diversité spécifique, sur les valeurs de la régularité, et sur les profils des diagrammes rangs-fréquences révèle le caractère immature permanent des populations phytoplanctoniques inféodées à ce biotope, et caractérise ainsi un milieu eutrophe à hypereutrophe où aucun stade d'équilibre n'est atteint. La richesse du milieu en éléments biogènes et sa faible profondeur (Zmax=4,3 m) sont à l'origine de sa vulnérabilité. L'événement susceptible d'interrompre la succession des populations s'est avéré être le brassage des eaux, provoqué aussi bien par les pluies que les vents dont l'énergie cinétique est fréquemment suffisante pour entraîner un brassage complet d'une colonne d'eau de hauteur aussi faible. SUMMARYThe Yaounde municipal lake (3°52'N, 11°32'E) is a shallow hypertrophie water body (Z max = 4.3 m), situated downtown Yaounde. It is an artificiel lake resulting from a dam constructed in 1951 across a small river named Mingoa. Like many other water bodies in urbanised areas, this ecosystem switched rapidly from being mesotrophic to hypertrophie during the 1980's, due to the expansion of human activity and an inefficient treatment of wastewater in its catchment area. This study was carried out with the objective to anal...
A 1 year qualitative and quantitative evaluation of phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a, as well as some physicochemical parameters, was recorded in a shallow tropical lake in Cameroon: the Yaounde Municipal Lake. Physicochemical measurements also were regularly made in its main tributar y (Mingoa Stream). These analyses aimed to assess the lake's trophic status and to propose measures for controlling its degradation process. The Secchi disk transparency was low and rarely exceeded 100 cm. Conductivity was higher near the lake bottom. The oxygen deficiency, and sometimes anoxia, recorded from a 2.5 m depth leads to high quantities of ammonium-nitrogen. The total phosphorus concentrations varied from 80-2290 µg P L −1 and the total Kjeldhal nitrogen concentrations fluctuated between 3 and 15 mg L −1 . Upstream to the lake, in the Mingoa Stream, total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.6-3.8 mg P L −1 and total Kjeldhal nitrogen concentrations ranged from 10-22 mg L −1 . There are up to 102 phytoplankton-specific taxa, with Euglenophyta and Chlorophyta particularly more diversified. The phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll-a concentrations reached 225 µg mL −1 and 566 mg m −3 , respectively. The analyses pointed out the allogenic nature of the functioning of this ecosystem as a result of bad waste management in the surrounding landscape. Urgent actions need to be undertaken in order to rehabilitate this lake, which rapidly shifted to a hypertrophic status.
Groundwater protection from pollutants depends mostly on retention potentials of soil above groundwater table. Soil separating soil surface from groundwater table is made up of several layers and can be divided into different columns along its vertical transect. Wastewater percolation tests were carried out through one soil column CA, in contact with soil surface and through another CB, closely above groundwater table. The aim of the study was to assess the importance of soil columns CA and CB, in total coliforms and staphylococci retention during wastewater infiltration or groundwater recharge, in equatorial soils in Central African region.The results showed that, the fraction of total coliforms retained through soil column CA varied with respect to wastewater loads applied on top of soil column, from 69.22% to 99.95%, relative to the total coliforms concentration deposited on top. The fraction of total coliforms retained through CB varied with respect to wastewater loads applied, from 96.98 to 99.89% relative to the total coliforms deposited on top. Through both soil columns, fractions of staphylococci retained was in the order of 99.99% relative to the total staphylococci concentration deposited on top. For the whole bacteriological analysis, the fractions of total coliforms retained seems to be greater through deeper soil column than that of upper soil column. The bacterial contaminants retained relative to their concentrations in wastewater poured on soil column surfaces, varied from 6.17 log units to 9.73 log units. An applied load of 100 ml seemed to lead to the bacterial pollutants transported through both soil columns studied. NH + 4 was retained by fractions varying from 97.37 to 98.74%. Concentrations of various contaminants found in groundwater would be a tiny part, relative to quantities deposited on soil surface. Bacterial retention potentials of soil column separating soil surface from groundwater table during wastewater percolation, varies along its transect. It would be due to numerous and variable physical, chemical and structural properties of soil layers and bacteria on the one hand, and to results of various interactions between soil layer particles and cell bacteria, on the other hand.
Revue des sciences de l'eauTransfert des bactéries fécales vers une nappe phréatique à travers une colonne de sol en région équatoriale : influence de la charge en eau appliquée en surface
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