RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística e a estrutura do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana e avaliar a influência de variáveis ambientais sobre os padrões encontrados. A área de estudo situa-se no município de Lages, SC, às margens do Rio Caveiras (27°51'19.20"S e 50°10'33,39"W). O levantamento da vegetação e das variáveis ambientais (características químicas e físicas dos solos, relevo e cobertura do dossel) foi realizado em 50 parcelas permanentes de 20x10 m, alocadas de forma sistemática estratificada no fragmento. Todas as árvores vivas com circunferência ≥ 15,7 cm (medidas a 1,30 m do solo -CAP) foram mensuradas (CAP e altura) e identificadas. Foi calculado o valor de importância (VI) das espécies encontradas, realizada a ordenação das parcelas em função da abundância das espécies, por meio da analise de NMDS (Nonmetric multidimensional scalling) e plotadas a posteriori as variáveis ambientais significativas no diagrama de ordenação. Foram amostrados 1.843 indivíduos, que totalizaram uma área basal de 36,45 m 2 /ha, distribuídos em 37 famílias botânicas, 63 gêneros e 92 espécies. As três espécies com os maiores valores de VI foram Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Lithraea brasiliensis Marchand e Jacaranda puberula Cham. As variáveis que apresentaram maior correlação com a estrutura e a composição florística do componente arbóreo foram o pH, o desnível máximo da parcela e o teor de Mg. Palavras-chave: heterogeneidade ambiental; floresta de araucária; análise multivariada. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure of the tree component of a montane Araucaria Forest fragment and to assess the influence of environmental variables on the patterns observed. The study area was located in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina state, close to the margin of the Caveiras River. The vegetation and the environmental variables (physical and chemical soils characteristics, relief and canopy cover) were surveyed within 50, 20 x 10m, permanent plots allocated systematically stratified 1.

Summary Soil nutrient availability can strongly affect root traits. In tropical forests, phosphorus (P) is often considered the main limiting nutrient for plants. However, support for the P paradigm is limited, and N and cations might also control tropical forests functioning. We used a large‐scale experiment to determine how the factorial addition of nitrogen (N), P and cations affected root productivity and traits related to nutrient acquisition strategies (morphological traits, phosphatase activity, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation and nutrient contents) in a primary rainforest growing on low‐fertility soils in Central Amazonia after 1 yr of fertilisation. Multiple root traits and productivity were affected. Phosphorus additions increased annual root productivity and root diameter, but decreased root phosphatase activity. Cation additions increased root productivity at certain times of year, also increasing root diameter and mycorrhizal colonisation. P and cation additions increased their element concentrations in root tissues. No responses were detected with N addition. Here we showed that rock‐derived nutrients determined root functioning in low‐fertility Amazonian soils, demonstrating not only the hypothesised importance of P, but also highlighting the role of cations. The changes in fine root traits and productivity indicated that even slow‐growing tropical rainforests can respond rapidly to changes in resource availability.

RESUMOA Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana é uma formação pouco estudada que ocorre em altitudes acima de 1.000 m. Os objetivos deste estudo foram conhecer os padrões florísticos e estruturais do componente arbóreo de um fragmento desta floresta na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense e determinar as variáveis ambientais que influenciam esses padrões. O levantamento da composição florística e estrutural e a coleta das variáveis ambientais foram conduzidos em 50 parcelas de 200 m 2 . Nelas, todos os indivíduos arbóreos com CAP (circunferência medida a altura do peito) ≥ 15,7 cm foram medidos (CAP e altura) e identificados. Foram coletadas, em cada parcela, variáveis ambientais relacionadas às características químicas e físicas dos solos, topográficas e de cobertura do dossel. Foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos e a estrutura diamétrica da comunidade e das populações com valor de importância (VI) acima de 5 %. A similaridade florístico-estrutural entre as parcelas foi analisada pela NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling) e os vetores das variáveis ambientais significativas (p < 0,05) foram plotados a posteriori. Foram identificadas 50 espécies arbóreas distribuídas em 33 gêneros e 20 famílias botânicas. As espécies com maior VI foram: Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (17,32 %), Myrceugenia euosma (O.Berg) D.Legrand (15,24 %) e Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret (7,84 %). A estrutura diamétrica de toda a comunidade e das populações estudadas (exceto Dicksonia sellowiana Hook.) teve distribuição próxima ao "J invertido". A análise NMDS demonstrou maior porcentagem de argila nas parcelas com maior densidade de Araucaria angustifolia e 1. Engenheiro Florestal, Dr., Professor do

The productivity of rainforests growing on highly-weathered tropical soils is expected to be limited by phosphorus (P) availability 1 . Yet, controlled fertilisation experiments have failed to demonstrate a dominant role for P in controlling tropical forest net primary productivity (NPP). Recent syntheses have demonstrated that responses to N addition are as large as to P 2 , and adaptations to low P availability appear to allow NPP to be maintained across major soil P gradients 3 . Thus, the extent to which P availability limits tropical forest productivity is highly uncertain. The majority of the Amazonia, however, is characterised by soils even more depleted in P than where most tropical fertilisation experiments have previously taken place 2 . Thus, we established the first P, nitrogen (N), and base cation addition experiment in an old growth Amazon rainforest, with the site's low soil P content representative of ~60% of the basin. Here we show that NPP increased exclusively with P addition. After 2 years, strong responses were observed in fine root (+29%) and canopy productivity (+19%), but not stem growth. The direct evidence of P limitation of NPP suggests that P availability may restrict Amazon forest responses to CO2 fertilisation 4 , with major implications for future carbon sequestration and forest resilience to climate change.

-(Floristic composition and phytogeography of the tree component of Araucaria Forest fragments in southern Brazil). The present study examined the floristic composition of three fragments of Araucaria Forest (AF) in the Planalto Catarinense region of southern Brazil as well as the floristic contextualization of these areas in relation to other remnant AF sites. Three AF fragments at different altitudes were analyzed in the municipalities of Campos Novos, Lages, and Painel. Fifty 200 m 2 plots were examined in each fragment and all of the trees with CBH (circumference at breast height) ≥ 15.7 cm were identified. In order to floristically contextualize the study fragments, comparisons were made with other remnant AF sites by way of dendrograms and NMDS (Non-metric multidimensional scaling). Environmental and spatial variables were plotted on the diagram produced by the NMDS to evaluate their influence on the floristic patterns encountered. The forest fragments studied demonstrated high floristic heterogeneity, indicating that AFs cannot be considered homogeneous formations and they could be classified into 3 phytogeographical categories: i) high altitude areas influenced by cloud cover/fog, including the Painel region; ii) areas of lesser altitude and greater mean annual temperatures situated in the Paraná River basin, and iii) areas situated in the Paraná and Upper-Uruguay river basins and the smaller basins draining directly into the southern Atlantic, near Campos Novos and Lages. The environmental variables most highly correlated with species substitutions among the sites were altitude, mean annual temperature, and the mean temperature of the most humid trimester.