No abstract

A lower BMI is associated with age, disease severity, and a higher risk of death in acute decompensated HF. The "obesity paradox" is confined to older persons, with decreased cardiac function, less cardiometabolic illness, and recent-onset HF, suggesting that aging, HF severity/chronicity, and metabolism may explain the obesity paradox.

Precipitating factors are independently associated with 90-day mortality in AHF. AHF precipitated by ACS or infection is independently associated with higher, while AHF precipitated by AF is associated with lower 90-day risk of death.

Administration of HFOTs at hospital discharge is associated with better survival of AHF patients.

Acute heart failure (AHF) is frequent and life-threatening disease. However, innovative AHF therapies have remained limited, and care is based on experts' opinion. Temporal trends and benefits of long-term oral cardiovascular medications on AHF outcomes remain uncertain.