Malignant pheochromocytomas have exhibited partial responses to treatments with 131-I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and with chemotherapy. The authors combined these two therapeutic methods to determine if beneficial effects from each would be additive. Patients with documented malignant pheochromocytomas were recruited with the intent of administering 131-I MIBG in three substantial amounts of radioactivity at 3-month intervals followed by a year of chemotherapy in which cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, and vincristine were to be given in 21-day cycles. Six patients entered the protocol. After the 131-I MIBG treatments, three patients manifested declines in the presence of tumor (smaller tumor volume or abnormalities on bone and 131-I MIBG scans) and the function of tumor (decreased rate of normetanephrine excretion as the major index). Two patients completed at least 9 months of chemotherapy and showed further reductions in the presence and function of tumors and were classified as having partial responses. Progressive disease afflicted three of the other four subjects. Even though toxicity was minimal from 131-I MIBG, it was sufficient to force reduction in the dosages or duration of chemotherapy. A combination of 131-I MIBG treatments and chemotherapy produced additive effects in reducing malignant pheochromocytomas. Toxicity moderately curtailed the proposed chemotherapy protocol.

Annually, half of all plant-derived carbon is added to soil where it is microbially respired to CO 2 . However, understanding of the microbiology of this process is limited because most culture-independent methods cannot link metabolic processes to the organisms present, and this link to causative agents is necessary to predict the results of perturbations on the system. We collected soil samples at two sub-root depths (10 -20 cm and 30 -40 cm) before and after a rainfall-driven nutrient perturbation event in a Northern California grassland that experiences a Mediterranean climate. From ten samples, we reconstructed 198 metagenome-assembled genomes that represent all major phylotypes. We also quantified 6,835 proteins and 175 metabolites and showed that after the rain event the concentrations of many sugars and amino acids approach zero at the base of the soil profile. Unexpectedly, the genomes of novel members of the Gemmatimonadetes and Candidate Phylum Rokubacteria phyla encode pathways for methylotrophy. We infer that these abundant organisms contribute substantially to carbon turnover in the soil, given that methylotrophy proteins were among the most abundant proteins in the proteome.Previously undescribed Bathyarchaeota and Thermoplasmatales archaea are abundant in deeper soil horizons and are inferred to contribute appreciably to aromatic amino acid degradation. Many of the other bacteria appear to breakdown other components of plant biomass, as evidenced by the prevalence of various sugar and amino acid transporters and corresponding hydrolyzing machinery in the proteome. Overall, our work provides organism-resolved insight into the spatial distribution of bacteria and archaea whose activities combine to degrade plant-derived organics, limiting the transport of methanol, amino acids and sugars into underlying weathered rock. The new insights into the soil 13 Abstract. Annually, half of all plant-derived carbon is added to soil where it is microbially 14 respired to CO 2 . However, understanding of the microbiology of this process is limited because 15 most culture-independent methods cannot link metabolic processes to the organisms present, and 16 this link to causative agents is necessary to predict the results of perturbations on the system. We 17 collected soil samples at two sub-root depths (10 -20 cm and 30 -40 cm) before and after a 18 rainfall-driven nutrient perturbation event in a Northern California grassland that experiences a 19 Mediterranean climate. From ten samples, we reconstructed 198 metagenome-assembled 20 genomes that represent all major phylotypes. We also quantified 6,835 proteins and 175 21 metabolites and showed that after the rain event the concentrations of many sugars and amino 22 acids approach zero at the base of the soil profile. Unexpectedly, the genomes of novel members 23 of the Gemmatimonadetes and Candidate Phylum Rokubacteria phyla encode pathways for 24 methylotrophy. We infer that these abundant organisms contribute substantially to carbon 25 turnover in the soil,...

Despite a number of previous reports that pulmonary metastases from thyroid carcinoma disappear in approximately half of patients treated with 131-I, evidence of tumor reduction was found in most, but a complete remission occurred in only 2 of 12 patients. Nevertheless, 131-I therapy may be useful to decrease the tumor burden in many such patients.

Annually, half of all plant-derived carbon is added to soil where it is microbially respired to CO 2 . However, understanding of the microbiology of this process is limited because most culture-independent methods cannot link metabolic processes to the organisms present, and this link to causative agents is necessary to predict the results of perturbations on the system. We collected soil samples at two sub-root depths (10 -20 cm and 30 -40 cm) before and after a rainfall-driven nutrient perturbation event in a Northern California grassland that experiences a Mediterranean climate. From ten samples, we reconstructed 198 metagenome-assembled genomes that represent all major phylotypes. We also quantified 6,835 proteins and 175 metabolites and showed that after the rain event the concentrations of many sugars and amino acids approach zero at the base of the soil profile. Unexpectedly, the genomes of novel members of the Gemmatimonadetes and Candidate Phylum Rokubacteria phyla encode pathways for methylotrophy. We infer that these abundant organisms contribute substantially to carbon turnover in the soil, given that methylotrophy proteins were among the most abundant proteins in the proteome.Previously undescribed Bathyarchaeota and Thermoplasmatales archaea are abundant in deeper soil horizons and are inferred to contribute appreciably to aromatic amino acid degradation. Many of the other bacteria appear to breakdown other components of plant biomass, as evidenced by the prevalence of various sugar and amino acid transporters and corresponding hydrolyzing machinery in the proteome. Overall, our work provides organism-resolved insight into the spatial distribution of bacteria and archaea whose activities combine to degrade plant-derived organics, limiting the transport of methanol, amino acids and sugars into underlying weathered rock. The new insights into the soil 13 Abstract. Annually, half of all plant-derived carbon is added to soil where it is microbially 14 respired to CO 2 . However, understanding of the microbiology of this process is limited because 15 most culture-independent methods cannot link metabolic processes to the organisms present, and 16 this link to causative agents is necessary to predict the results of perturbations on the system. We 17 collected soil samples at two sub-root depths (10 -20 cm and 30 -40 cm) before and after a 18 rainfall-driven nutrient perturbation event in a Northern California grassland that experiences a 19 Mediterranean climate. From ten samples, we reconstructed 198 metagenome-assembled 20 genomes that represent all major phylotypes. We also quantified 6,835 proteins and 175 21 metabolites and showed that after the rain event the concentrations of many sugars and amino 22 acids approach zero at the base of the soil profile. Unexpectedly, the genomes of novel members 23 of the Gemmatimonadetes and Candidate Phylum Rokubacteria phyla encode pathways for 24 methylotrophy. We infer that these abundant organisms contribute substantially to carbon 25 turnover in the soil,...