No abstract

The kinetics of enzyme catalyzed alcohol oxidation has been measured in liquid water/ethanol/Brij 35 and water/1-pentanol/Brij 35 systems, essentially in the water-rich regions. For the ethanol systems it was found that the enzymatic activity sharply decreases with increasing alcohol concentration independently of the surfactant concentration between 0 and 22 mass %. In the case of the 1-pentanol systems the enzymatic activity decreases also with increasing alcohol concentration, but this decrease can considerably be attenuated by adding increasing amounts of surfactant. To explain these results at the nanometer level, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments have been carried out on these systems. The comparison of the scattering and the kinetic measurements suggests the following interpretation. In all cases, the enzymatic activity depends on the concentration of the alcohol in the aqueous phase or in the aqueous pseudophase containing the enzyme. A certain amount of alcohol may be present in an organic pseudophase formed by direct micelles. In the case of the 1-pentanol systems the alcohol participates in the structuration of the micelles and is concentrated in the micelles, whereas in the case of the ethanol systems the alcohol remains essentially in the aqueous pseudophase and even destroys the micelles. These results suggest that in some cases enzymatic activity can be used as a probe to detect some aspects of the molecular organization of a complex liquid.

The electrochemical behavior of stainless steels (SS) in natural waters is characterized by the ennoblement of their free corrosion potential (E(corr)). This phenomenon depends strongly on the settlement of biofilms on SS surfaces. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the biofilm action, in particular the enzymatic catalysis plays an important role by shifting the cathodic and/or anodic processes. However, there are still only few studies relating the use of purified enzymes. In contrast with bacteria-associated corrosion, the direct influence of enzymes is still poorly documented. The aim of this review is to show the benefits of the enzymatic approach in the study of biocorrosion. Indeed, enzymatic systems may constitute convenient models to mimic microbial influenced corrosion and to evaluate the behavior of metallic materials in natural waters.