No abstract

This study evaluated effects of dietary supplementation of sage (Salvia officinalis), mint (Mentha spicata) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oils on growth performance, lipid peroxidation level (melondialdehyde, MDA) and liver antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD; glutathione reductase, GR; glutathione-S-transferase, GST and glutathione peroxidase, GPx) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. For this purpose, triplicate groups of rainbow trout were fed daily ad libitum with diets containing sage, mint and thyme oils at 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg kg(-1) for 60 days. While weight gain percentage of fish fed the diets containing sage and thyme oils was significantly higher than the control group, that of fish fed mint oil was the lowest. Similarly, specific growth rate was found to be the highest in all groups of the sage and thyme oil feeding and the lowest in the mint groups. Moreover, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the mint oil administered groups. Survival rate was also significantly reduced in the fish fed the diet containing mint oil. It was observed that SOD, G6PD and GPx activities were significantly increased in liver tissues of all the treated fish groups compared to that of control diet-fed group. However, CAT, GST and GR activities were significantly decreased in experimental diet-fed fish groups at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, a significant reduction was found in MDA levels in the fish fed the diets with sage and thyme oils compared to control and mint diets on the 30th and 60th days of experiment. Overall, dietary inclusion of sage and thyme oils is effective in enhancing rainbow trout growth, reduction in MDA and least changing antioxidant enzyme activities at a low level of 500 mg kg(-1) diet, and they can be used as important feed supplements for rainbow trout production.

The effects of isatin Mannich bases incorporating (1-[piperidin-1-yl (P1)/morpholin-4-yl (P2)/Nmethylpiperazin-1-yl (P3)]methyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione) moieties against human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes hCA I and hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were evaluated. P1-P3 demonstrated impressive inhibition profiles against AChE and BChE and also inhibited both CAs at nanomolar level. These inhibitory effects were more powerful in all cases than the reference compounds used for all these enzymes. This study suggests that isatin Mannich bases P1-P3 are good candidate compounds especially for the development of new cholinesterase inhibitors since they were 2.2-5.9 times better inhibitors than clinically used drug Tacrine.

Considering that the excessive usage of vitamin E causes hypervitaminosis and thus reduces blood erythrocyte concentrations, therefore it is worth studying how its pharmacological dosage affects the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme found in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vitro and in vivo. Vitamin E inhibited CA enzyme and the IC 50 value of the vitamin was 0.039 mM in vitro. Similarly, it was seen that vitamin E inhibited CA enzyme activity after the first hour following vitamin E injections in vivo. The activities of CA in groups of trout given vitamin E injection were measured at 1, 3 and 5 h and the corresponding activities were found to be 772.7 ± 290.5 (P < 0.05), 1286.4 ± 378.2 and 1005.7 ± 436.1 enzyme units (EU) g Hb -1 . The difference over the control was significant (P < 0.05) in the first hour and insignificant at 3 and 5 h (P > 0.05). The activity of CA in the control, which did not contain vitamin E, was determined as 1597.7 ± 429.0 EU g Hb -1 .

Beydemir, $. GulGin, I., Hisar, O., Kfifrevioglu, 6.1. and Yanlk, T. 2005. Effect of melatonin on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erfihrocytes in vitro and in vivo. J.Appl. Anim. Res., 28: 65-68. The in vitro and in vim effects of melatonin on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyteglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GGPD) were investigated. GGPD was purified with a specific activity of 16.7 EUI mgprotein and 1,852-folds in a yield of 60.6% by using ammonium sulphate precipitation and 2',5'-ADP Sephurose 4B affinity gel. In vitro studies showed that G6PD enzyme activity increased up to 0.22 mM melatonin concentration and was inhibited at higher levels. In vivo studies showed that though initial GGPD activity was 8.33k1.13 EU g1 Hb, it was inhibited (P<0.05) 3h after injection of 10 mg k g I melatonin. It is recommended that intramuscular dose of melatonin for rainbow trout should be less than 0.22 mM.