Lactobacillus plantarum species often harbor several plasmids. These plasmids may encoded important traits such as phages or antibiotics resistances, lactose catabolism and production of proteolytic enzyme and also bacteriocins that named plantaricin. Lactobacillus plantarum IBL-2 that isolated from strawberry of Bali plantation have the highest anti-microorganism activity among the L. plantarum isolate collection of BTCC Indonesia. Only few study carried out to examine the antifungal activity of bacteriocin from L. plantarum. This study focus on anti-Candida activity of plasmid associated with bacteriocin production from L. plantarum IBL-2. The isolates were confirmed by the 16S rRNA analysis by PCR and the phylogenetic tree was built based on references sequences and one outgroups from database. The plantaricin gene screening then performed in plasmid that was isolated from L. plantarum IBL-2 by PCR using five pairs or plantaricin gene primer. The anti-Candida potential of plantaricin observed were analyzed by in silico by docking analysis between the plantaricin and receptors of apoptosis proteins. PlnB and PlnEF were observed in the L. plantarum plasmid. Only PlnEF become the focus of study. Analysis of docking study predicted that PlnEF have interactions with apoptosis proteins regulator in eukaryotic cells. PlnEF that encoded by plasmid of L. plantarum may exert anti-Candida potential through interactions with apoptosis proteins regulator.

Abstract. Quercetin (3,3'4',5, has been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. However, its low oral bioavailability limits the application of quercetin in therapy. Ester derivatives of quercetin have been reported to have higher bioavailability than quercetin. This research aimed to study the anti-inflammatory activities and gastric ulcer-inducing properties of tetraacetylquercetinas well as tetrapivaloylquercetin. Synthesis of tetra-acyl derivatives of quercetin was conducted using acetic anhydride or pivaloyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and the structure was confirmed by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. At a dose of 20 mg/kg bw, oral administration of quercetin only showed 20% inhibition activity on carragenan induced rat paw edema, while tetraacetyl and tetrapivaloyl derivatives at equimolar dose showed 11-33% and 5-15% inhibition activity respectively. Contrary to the gastric ulcer healing-promoting action of quercetin, tetraacetylquercetin caused mild gastric ulcers. However, no gastric ulcer was observed after administration of tetrapivaloylquercetin. It was concluded that acylation enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin but causes mild gastric ulcers in the case of tetraacetylation.

<p><em>Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi) can be used as traditional medicine. This mushroom has many properties, one of which is as an antimicrobial. Antimicrobial functions as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal. Lingzhi contains organic alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. One of the bacteria that often cause disease in Indonesia is Salmonella sp and several dermatophyte diseases caused by infection with several pathogenic fungi such as Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes . This study aimed to determine the inhibitory power of  Lingzhi from Tasikmalaya ethanol extract against Pathogenic Microorganism. The method used is tested against the anti-microbial used by using the diffusion method using disc paper or Kirby Baure. The analysis showed that the 70% ethanol extract of Lingzhi mushrooms had antibacterial activity against salmonella sp as evidenced by the presence of an average inhibition zone at a concentration of 50% (16,57mm), 60% (18,1mm); 70% (18,55mm), 80% (19.17mm), 90% (21,2mm), and 100% (21,8mm). </em><em>Inhibitory ability against several pathogenic fungi was able to inhibit at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of Trichophyton rubrum</em><em>, </em><em>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</em><em> </em><em>and </em><em>Malassezia furfur</em><em> </em><em>with an average diameter of inhibition of 12.9 mm, 9.4 mm, and 6 mm</em><em>.</em></p>

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Quantitative analysis of bioactive peptide mostly conducted by measuring the activity. While the determination of peptide content in natural sources has been conducted using various instruments, vibrational spectroscopy remains underutilized. Here, we attempted new developed method in peptide quantification and degradation kinetic analysis using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Bovine Serum Albumin was used as standard protein in method development and validation. Peptide content was estimated by converting peak area to concentration. The method was used to estimate peptide content in Canarium nut protein and its hydrolysates, which potentially hold biological activity. Kinetic study was conducted with microwave as an accelerator for hydrolysis, an apparatus rarely used in peptide study. Amide I band on wavenumber range of 1724.05-1619.91 cm-1 was selected for analysis, considering its selectivity and linearity. The method also met other validation requirement, including accuracy and precision. When applied in quantitative analysis, the method was able to calculate peptide content decrease in Canarium nut protein after hydrolysis using papain (38.24%), pepsin (33.67%) and alkaline reagent (28.53%). In kinetic study, microwave-assisted peptide degradation exhibited logarithmic profile with the equation of y=-0.148ln(x)+0.9591 and R² value of 0.963. Based on these results, FTIR is useful in estimating peptide content and in analyzing degradation kinetic profile.