a key issue is to reveal the related geological events, including the subduction of the Indian plate, the continental collision between the Indian and Asian plates and subsequent exhumation of Ultra-high/High pressure (UHP/HP) terranes. Precise timing on these different events is crucial to distinguish different successive evolutionary stages from one another within the Himalayan orogeny. Since the Himalayan orogenic belt extends about 2,000 km in length, consistent subduction, collision, and exhumation processes among different segments cannot be expected. Recent studies have shown that the collision initiated in the middle segment of the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone (YTSZ) at ca. 65-63 Ma and then spread diachronologically both eastwards and westwards respectively (

Stratigraphical and sedimentological analyses of Late Neoproterozoic successions in Lesser Himalaya are combined herein with palaeogeographical considerations and comparisons with equivalent successions in India and South China. The succession starts with the Hazara Formation, which contains complete and incomplete Bouma sequences suggesting its deposition in deep marine turbidite settings. The overlying Tanawal Formation, rich in massive sandstone, shale and siltstone, was deposited in shallow marine conditions, as indicated by the presence of parallel lamination, large scale tabular, trough cross-and hummocky cross-stratifications. The Tanawal Formation facies shift laterally from proximal (south-southeast) to distal (north-northwest). The glaciogenic Tanaki Boulder Bed, overlying the Tanawal Formation, was deposited during the Maronian glaciation. It is equivalent to the Blaini Formation of India, and to the Sinian diamictites of South China. The Abbottabad Formation of Cambrian age overlies the Tanaki Boulder Bed, and is composed of dolomite, chert nodules and phosphate-rich packages; similar successions are documented in India and South China at the same stratigraphical interval. The similarities of the Neoproterozoic successions of Lesser Himalaya (both in Pakistan and India) and South China suggests their possible proximity during the break-up of Rodinia and the assembly of the Gondwana Supercontinent.

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