Converged close-coupling and coupled-states calculations were used to obtain state-to-state rate constants and pressure broadening coefficients for the collisional rotational (de-)excitation of C2H2 by He. The ab initio potential used in these calculations was previously computed by symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. The computed pressure broadening coefficients and total rate constants agree well with the available experimental data. In the experimental part of the paper stimulated Raman-pumping has been used to prepare acetylene in selected rotational states (ji=2 to 18 and ji=1 to 19 of the C≡C stretching mode). The population decay in the prepared state and the transfer to other rotational states was monitored by laser induced fluorescence. The experimental data can be described by an infinite-order-sudden power law (IOS-P) or directly compared with the ab initio derived rate constants. The influence of multiple collisions possible at the relatively large pressure-delay-products employed has been taken into account by simulating the rotational energy transfer with a master equation. Experimentally we obtain a total rate constant for depopulation of ktot=10.89±0.07μs−1 Torr−1 and IOS-P fitting parameters of A=5.58 and γ=0.96 in very good agreement with the ab initio calculated values. There we obtain ktot=10.69±0.09μs−1 Torr−1 and IOS-P fitting parameters of A=6.18 and γ=0.96. Also the experimental state-to-state rotational energy transfer constants, which vary from 5.83 to 2.32 μs−1 Torr−1 for endothermic Δj=2 collisions, agree very well with the ab initio data.

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High-spin states in " Hg with a quadrupole deformation of i3, =0.34(4) have been established from measured gamma-ray coincidences and lifetimes. These data, which provide the first evidence for a deformation midway between normal and super deformed, can be interpreted in terms of the [651] z and[770] -' neutron configurations.

15Potato late blight triggered by Phytophthora infestans ((Mont.) de Bary) represents a 16 great food security threat worldwide and is difficult to control. Currently, Bacillus spp. 17 have been considered biocontrol agents to control many fungal diseases. Here, 18 Bacillus subtilis WL-2 was selected as the antifungal strain with the most potential 19 against P. infestans mycelium growth. Additionally, the functional metabolites 20 extracted from WL-2 were identified as IturinA-family cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) via 21 2 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass 22 spectrometry (ESI-MS). Analyses using scanning and transmission electron 23 microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed that IturinA caused a change in the mycelial 24 surface and damage to the internal cell structure, including cell membrane disruption 25 and irregular organelle formation. Moreover, propidium iodide staining and nucleic 26 acid and protein release were detected to clarify the cell membrane damage caused by 27 IturinA. Additionally, IturinA triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and 28 malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), 29 mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity (MRCCA), respiratory control rate 30 (RCR), and oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (P/O) assays indicated that P. 31 infestans mitochondria affected by IturinA were so seriously damaged that the MMP 32 and MRCCA declined remarkably and that mitochondrial ATP production ability was 33 weakened. Therefore, IturinA induces cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and 34 dysfunction of mitochondria, resulting in P. infestans hyphal cell death. As such, the 35 results highlight that B. subtilis WL-2 and IturinA have great potential as candidates for 36 inhibiting P. infestans mycelium growth and controlling potato late blight. 37 IMPORTANCE 38Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most common global food crop, and 39 its planting area and yield increase yearly. Notably, in 2015, China initiated a potato 40 staple food conversion strategy, and by 2020, approximately 50% of potatoes will 41 be consumed as a staple food. The plant pathogen fungus Phytophthora infestans 42 ((Mont.) de Bary) is the culprit of potato late blight; however, biological agents 43 3 rather than chemicals are highly necessary to control this threatening disease. In 44 this study, we discovered an antifungal substance, IturinA, a lipopeptide produced 45 by Bacillus subtilis WL-2. Moreover, our research revealed the actual mechanism 46 of IturinA against P. infestans mycelium growth and clarified the potential of B. 65Behind rice, wheat, and corn, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most 66 stable food crop in the world. However, potato production is often endangered by 67 many pathogens. Worryingly, late blight triggered by Phytophthora infestans ((Mont.) 68 de Bary) could directly reduce or even eliminate potato production, and an outbreak 69 of this disease could even result in a grievous ...

High-spin states in Ge and Se have been studied by in-beam, gamma-ray spectroscopy. In Ge the three known bands beginning at 8+ are found to exhibit crossing transitions and other new positive-parity bands are discovered to feed into them. In Se only a single positive-parity yrast band is seen to high spin. Detailed, more realistic microscopic model calculations have been carried out for 'Ge and Se. There is striking agreement between the calculations and the new data for Ge, including a predicted new band with superdeformation, P-0.42. The calculations for Se predict similar multiple band structures that are not seen experimentally.