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The boundary layer flow of a viscoelastic micropolar fluid over a horizontal circular cylinder with aligned magnetohydrodynamic effect is considered. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into non-dimensional form by using appropriate dimensionless variables. The non-dimensional governing equations are then transformed into similarity equations and solved using an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller box method. Numerical results on the distributions of velocity and temperature of fluid are obtained for a range of values of magnetic parameter, M, viscoelastic parameter, K, material parameter, K1, and mixed convection parameter.The graphical representation of the results are presented and it shows that the investigated parameters are significance and affected the fluid flow.

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Introduction Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes are common genetic syndromes related to syndromic craniosynostosis (SC), whereby it is a congenital defect that occurs when the cranial growth is distorted. Identifying cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes may assist the surgical team to focus on a specific cranial part during the intervention planning, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing potential morbidity. Objective The aim of this study is to identify the cranial angles, which are associated with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes. Methods The cranial computed tomography scan images of 17 patients with SC and 22 control groups aged 0 to 12 years who were treated in the University Malaya Medical Centre were obtained, while 12 angular measurements were attained using the Mimics software. The angular data were then divided into 2 groups (patients aged 0 to 24 months and >24 months). This work proposes a 95% confidence interval (CI) for angular mean to detect the abnormality in patient's cranial growth for the SC syndromes. Results The 95% CI of angular mean for the control group was calculated and used as an indicator to confirm the abnormality in patient's cranial growth that is associated with the 3 syndromes. The results showed that there are different cranial angles associated with these 3 syndromes. Conclusions All cranial angles of the patients with these syndromes lie outside the 95% CI of angular mean of control group, indicating the reliability of the proposed CI in the identification of abnormality in the patient's cranial growth.

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