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Background:The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through prospective cohort studies in pediatric inpatients. Methods: The data search was done in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science from the earliest record until 31 May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened each study and one of them assessed the methodological quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The data extraction was conducted according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative for cohort studies. Results:The only risk factor observed in all studies was the increase in the number of prescription drugs. However, other factors were identified, such as the increase in the length of stay or the number of low-or high-risk drugs prescribed, use of general anesthesia and oncological diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of ADR was 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.6 to 17.2). The main professional responsible for ADR identification was the pharmacist and the dominant category among the ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, analgesics, antibacterial agents and corticosteroids were the drug classes commonly associated with ADRs. The methodology used in this study was tried to homogenize the data extracted; however, this was not sufficient to correct the discrepancies so it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions:The increase in the number of prescription drugs was the main risk factor in this population. However, additional studies are required to identify the risk factors for ADRs in pediatric inpatients.

A review based on personal experience and evidence of literature. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;153:723-735. 4. Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J et al. Classical pituitary apoplexy: Clinical features, management and outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999;51:181-188. 5. Shimon I, Benbassat C, Hadani M. Effectiveness of long-term cabergoline treatment for giant prolactinoma: Study of 12 men. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;156:225-231. 6. Webster J, Piscitelli G, Polli A et al. A comparison of cabergoline and bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. Cabergoline Comparative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994;331:904-909. 7. Orrego JJ, Chandler WF, Barkan AL. Rapid re-expansion of a macroprolactinoma after early discontinuation of bromocriptine.To the Editor: Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon that has contributed to the growing number of residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). This elderly population has more symptoms and chronic diseases and uses more medications than younger people. Recently, the literature has shown the importance of multidisciplinary staff in the care of older adults. The active participation of the pharmacist is essential to the management of complex drug therapy regimens and the reduction of drug-related morbidity and mortality in this population. 1 Therefore, this review aimed at analyzing the research quality of pharmaceutical interventions in elderly residents of LTCFs. METHODSA search was conducted to identify intervention studies involving pharmacists in LTCFs. The Medline, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS databases were reviewed from January 1988 to December 2008, using pharmacists, elderly, pharmaceutical services, multidisciplinary approach, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities as keywords.The subsequent screening process was performed in three stages. Titles and abstracts were compared with the following predefined inclusion criteria to determine the relevance of the theme: if the study was performed in a LTCF, if the study involved intervention, and if the intervention process involved the participation of a pharmacist. Studies that focused on intervention with a single medication (or medication group) or a specific disease and that were not conducted entirely in a LTCF were excluded, as were those that were not written in English or did not provide the full text.The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria for data extraction were carefully examined regarding the following variables: scenario of the study, type of study, professionals participating in the intervention process, type of intervention used, and its results. RESULTSAt the end of the review, only seven articles met the specific inclusion criteria (Table 1). Five articles were controlled clinical trials, 2-6 only one of which was not randomized. 5 One of the articles was classified as longitudinal, with evaluation of the study group before and after interventions, 7 whereas another study did not describe its methodology. 8 In three of the seven studies, the pharmacist was the only provider in the int...