In order to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of misoprostol versus oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage, this paper provides evidence-based reference for clinical medication, computerized retrieval of Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinical trials. The retrieval period is from the establishment of each database to October 1, 2021. Published randomized controlled trials (RCTS) are included in this study. The literature is screened and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and meta-analysis is performed using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 13 RCTS are included, with a total of 24754 parturients. The meta-analysis shows the average blood loss (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI (−0.11, 0.32),
P
=
0.35
), the time of the third stage of labor (SMD = 0, 95% CI (−0.07, 0.08),
P
=
0.95
), and blood transfusion rate (RR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.63, 1.02),
P
=
0.07
). However, the incidences of shivering (RR = 2.61, 95% CI (1.79, 0.81),
P
<
0.00001
) and vomiting (RR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.85, 4.18),
P
<
0.00001
) are significantly higher than those in oxytocin group. The effect of misoprostol on preventing postpartum hemorrhage is similar to that of oxytocin, but the incidence of adverse reactions is high, and the occurrence of adverse reactions should be closely watched in the use process. Due to the limitations of the included studies, multicenter, large-sample, and high-quality RCTS are still needed in the future to further verify this conclusion.
