UDs may play a very limited role in detecting bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in BPH patients with hypocontractile detrusor. TURP may obtain a promising effect on such patients with unidentified BOO. These patients should not be arbitrarily excluded from surgical indications simply based on UDs findings.

Objectives• To compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral enucleation and resection of the prostate (TUERP) and transvesical prostatectomy (TVP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate volumes >80 mL. Patients and Methods• A total of 100 patients with urodynamic obstruction and prostate volume >80 mL were prospectively randomized and enrolled in the study at a tertiary hospital. • Patients underwent TVP or TUERP performed by one of two surgeons with experience of a large number of cases.• All patients were preoperatively evaluated using patient age, prostate volume measurement, clinical characteristics of digital rectal examination, self-assessment using the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) questionnaire, a quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), urine analysis, blood sample analysis, including determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and haemoglobin concentration. • All patients were assessed peri-operatively and postoperatively at 3 and 12 months. All complications were documented. Results• Of 100 patients eligible to participate, 92 patients completed 12 months of follow-up.• Patients who underwent TUERP had shorter catheterization times and hospital stays. Operation duration was not significantly different between the two surgical groups (P = 0.107).• The resected adenoma weight in the TVP group was more than that in the TUERP group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.062).• There were no significant differences in IPSS, PVR, Qmax or QoL scores between the groups at 3 and 12 months. The patients in the TVP group appeared to have a better Qmax at 3 months, however, the difference was not significant (P = 0.081).• Adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusion• We found that TUERP had efficacy and safety equivalent to that of TVP for patients with BPH and prostate volume >80 mL.

The japonica rice in Northeast China is famous because of its high quality. Eating and cooking qualities (ECQs) are the most important factors that determine cooked rice quality. However, the genetic basis of ECQ of japonica varieties in Northeast China needs further study. In this study, 200 japonica varieties that are widely distributed in Northeast China were collected to evaluate the physicochemical indices of grain ECQs. The distribution of each trait was concentrated without large variations. Correlation analysis indicated that gel consistency (GC) had a significantly negative correlation with gelatinization temperature (GT). By integrating various analyses including kinship calculation, principal component analysis (PCA), linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, and original parent investigation, we found that the japonica varieties in Northeast China exhibited a narrow genetic basis. An association study for grain ECQs was performed and eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected. ALK was the major locus that regulated GT and also significantly affecting GC. Through the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and expression pattern analysis, one possible candidate gene (LOC_Os02g29980) was predicted and required further research for validation. Additionally, a different allele of Wx was identified in the variety CH4126, and ALK was not fixed in these japonica varieties. These results further elucidate the genetic basis of ECQs of japonica varieties in Northeast China and provide local breeders some assistance for improving ECQs of rice grain in rice breeding.