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This single-center prospective clinical trial evaluated the combination of nivolumab plus bendamustine (NB) as a salvage regimen in classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients after failure of nivolumab monotherapy. A total of 30 patients received nivolumab (3 mg/kg) on D1,14 and bendamustine (90 mg/m2) on D1, 2 of a 28-day cycle for up to 3 cycles. The ORR was 87% with 57% CR, 30% PR. With median follow-up of 25 months, the estimated 2-year OS was 96,7% (95% CI, 90.2%–100%), PFS was 23,3% (95% CI, 8.2%–38.4%) median PFS was 10.2 months (95% CI, 7.7–14.2 months) with median DOR 6.6 months (95% CI 3.9–11.6 months). Ten patients (33.3%) experienced grade 3 to 4 AE during therapy. Infections were most common AEs of the combined therapy. NB was a highly efficient salvage regimen in relapsed/refractory cHL with a manageable toxicity profile and modest potential for achievement of long-term remission. Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT0334365).

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The treatment of relapsed/refractory gray zone lymphoma (r/r GZL) remains challenging. Genetic aberrations involving 9p24.1 and associated with programmed death ligand (PD-L1/L2) upregulation are important in GZL pathogenesis and immune evasion. Immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (PD-1-blocking antibody) may be an attractive treatment strategy in GZL. We have retrospectively assessed efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab-based regimens in nine patients with r/r GZL. Most of the patients n=7 (78%) had primary chemoresistance and the median number of prior therapy lines was 3 (range, 2-5). At the start of nivolumab treatment disease stage III-IV was in n=6 (67%) patients and bulky disease was in n=3 (33%) patients. All nine patients had high-level of PD-L1 expression (80%-100%) on tumor cells. In this group n=4 (44%) patients received nivolumab as monotherapy, n=3 (33%) received nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy, n=1 (11%) received nivolumab in combination with BV and n=1 (11%) received nivolumab in combination with lenalidomide. The objective response rate among all treated patients was 89% with 6 cases (67%) of complete response and 2 (22%), with partial response. One patient (11%) had stabilization of the disease as best response.Median duration of response was 14 (range 5-26) months. Median follow-up time was 25 months (range, 6-30) from the start of nivolumab-based treatment. Overall survival and progression free survival rates were 83% and 38%, respectively. This case series demonstrated that nivolumab-based regimen may be an effective treatment option for patients with r/r GZL.