Knowledge and investigation of therapeutic targets (responsible for drug efficacy) and the targeted drugs facilitate target and drug discovery and validation. Therapeutic Target Database (TTD, http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/ttd/ttd.asp) has been developed to provide comprehensive information about efficacy targets and the corresponding approved, clinical trial and investigative drugs. Since its last update, major improvements and updates have been made to TTD. In addition to the significant increase of data content (from 1894 targets and 5028 drugs to 2025 targets and 17 816 drugs), we added target validation information (drug potency against target, effect against disease models and effect of target knockout, knockdown or genetic variations) for 932 targets, and 841 quantitative structure activity relationship models for active compounds of 228 chemical types against 121 targets. Moreover, we added the data from our previous drug studies including 3681 multi-target agents against 108 target pairs, 116 drug combinations with their synergistic, additive, antagonistic, potentiative or reductive mechanisms, 1427 natural product-derived approved, clinical trial and pre-clinical drugs and cross-links to the clinical trial information page in the ClinicalTrials.gov database for 770 clinical trial drugs. These updates are useful for facilitating target discovery and validation, drug lead discovery and optimization, and the development of multi-target drugs and drug combinations.

choices for such systems due to their attractive features of high safety, low cost, and long cycle life. [3] In a typical ZFB, metallic zinc (Zn) plating/stripping, processing low electrochemical potential (−0.762 vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), rapid reaction kinetics, and environmental friendliness, is well suitable for anodic electrochemical reaction. [4] However, the realization of high cycling stability and long life of a ZFB has to face the intricate challenges from Zn anode: dendrite formation, as a result from inhomogeneous Zn plating during the process of charging, leads to internal short circuit failure and increase in surface area of Zn anode, which accelerates corrosion and decreases the utilization of Zn deposited onto anode; during the process of discharging. The dendrite formation will aggravate the uneven Zn stripping and the formation of dead Zn, and then decrease the coulombic efficiency (CE). [5] Therefore, uniform and dense Zn deposition is of great necessity for a long life ZFB. However, it is extremely challenging to obtain an even and dense deposition of Zinc for rechargeable ZFBs. [6] To overcome this problem, the addition of inorganic, organic, and polymeric additives is proposed to control the dendritic growth. [7] Unfortunately, these usually increase polarization, or are expensive and even environmentally hazardous. On the other hand, these proposals mostly address the problem from the perspective of electrolyte. It is full of strategic importance to explore other methods (for example, anode modification), which may work better in combination with additives. Moreover, many methods related to aqueous Zn-based battery system have been provided, e.g., 3D architecture Zn, backsideplating Zn, water-in-salt electrolyte, construction of artificial solid-electrolyte interface, ionic liquid containing nickel triflate and metal-organic framework host. [8] Much progress has been made in the aspect of inhibition of dendrite growth. However, considering their real medium and the state-of-art configuration, these methods cannot be transplanted to ZFBs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose effective methods to inhibit dendrite growth especially focusing on ZFBs.Herein, we propose and fabricate a multifunctional binderfree tin (Sn) modified 3D carbon felt anodic host (SH) for zinc deposition via a facile and scalable strategy by magnetron sputtering. The results demonstrated that: according to the experimental and computational simulation results, the Zinc (Zn) plating/stripping is a promising anodic electrochemical reaction for aqueous batteries because of its high safety, low cost, two electron transfer, and rapid reaction kinetics. However, the notorious dendrite growth of Zn has become one of the biggest obstacles hindering its further commercialization. A multifunctional binder-free tin (Sn)-modified 3D carbon felt anodic host (SH) is constructed for aqueous zinc-based flow batteries (ZFB) via a facile and scalable strategy. Compared with the pristine carbon felt host (...