This report is an update and expansion of the 2006 Key Specialty Data: A Chart Book. An important addition to the report is a set of tables containing the data that are presented visually in the figures. This report is a companion to the 2007 State Physician Workforce Data Book, which presents data at the state level. Physician Specialty Data will be updated and published biennially.Effective decision making, whether at the national, regional, local or individual level, requires accurate information. This report is intended to provide the medical education community, specialty associations, health researchers, policy makers, and the public with data to better understand physician workforce trends and dynamics to inform their decision making.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer. Here we report fine-mapping and functional analysis of one such locus residing in a 610 kb gene desert on chr13q22.1 (marked by rs9543325). The closest candidate genes, KLF5, KLF12, PIBF1, DIS3 and BORA, range in distance from 265-586 kb. Sequencing three sub-regions containing the top ranked SNPs by imputation P-value revealed a 30 bp insertion/deletion (indel) variant that was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (rs386772267, P ¼ 2.30 Â 10 À11 , OR ¼ 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.28) and highly correlated to rs9543325 (r 2 ¼ 0.97 in the 1000 Genomes EUR population). This indel was the most significant cis-eQTL variant in a set of 222 histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples (b ¼ 0.26, P ¼ 0.004), with the insertion (risk-increasing) allele associated with reduced DIS3 expression. DIS3 encodes a catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome complex that mediates RNA processing and decay, and is mutated in several cancers. Chromosome conformation capture revealed a long range (570 kb) physical interaction between a sub-region of the risk locus, containing rs386772267, and a region $6 kb upstream of DIS3. Finally, repressor regulatory activity and allele-specific protein binding by transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family were observed for the risk-increasing allele of rs386772267, indicating that expression regulation at this risk locus may be influenced by the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we have identified a putative functional indel variant at chr13q22.1 that associates with decreased DIS3 expression in carriers of pancreatic cancer risk-increasing alleles, and could therefore affect nuclear RNA processing and/or decay.