No abstract

According to rapid development of chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the Japan Lung Cancer Society has been updated its own guideline annually since 2010. In this latest version, all of the procedure was carried out in accordance with grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) system. It includes comprehensive literature search, systematic review, and determination of the recommendation by multidisciplinary expert panel which consisted of medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, statisticians, and patients from patient advocacy group. Recently, we have had various types of chemotherapeutic drugs like kinase inhibitors or immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Thus, the guideline proposes to categorize patients into three entities: (1) driver oncogene-positive, (2) PD-L1 ≥ 50%, and (3) others. Based on this subgroup, 31 clinical questions were described. We believe that this attempt enables clinicians to choose appropriate treatment easier. Here, we report an English version of the Japan Lung Cancer Society Guidelines 2018 for NSCLC, stages IV.

No abstract

Small-cell lung cancer, a highly malignant form of lung cancer, often responds to first-line treatments but relapses in most cases with resistance to further treatments. We tested zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles against small-cell lung cancer and other cancer cell lines, in light of reported anticancer effects in vitro. Because of a strong safety record, ZnO nanoparticles are frequently used in biomedical research, including in cellular imaging and drug delivery, and have been used for many years in several commercial products such as skin care agents. Strikingly, ZnO nanoparticles were genotoxic against small-cell lung cancer cells, resulting in low viability, even in cells orthotopically grafted onto mouse models. However, the nanoparticles were less cytotoxic against normal lung-derived cells and did not elicit observable adverse effects after intravenous administration. ZnO nanoparticles were also found to induce highly reactive oxygen species and DNA leakage from nuclei. This study is the first comprehensive evaluation of the anticancer effects of ZnO nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo and highlights new therapeutic opportunities against small-cell lung cancer.