The stabilization of silicon(II) and germanium(II) dihydrides by an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) ligand, PB, i Pr 2 P(C 6 H 4)BCy 2 (Cy = cyclohexyl) is reported. The resulting hydride complexes [PB{SiH 2 }] and [PB{GeH 2 }] are indefinitely stable at room temperature, yet can deposit films of silicon and germanium, respectively, upon mild thermolysis in solution. Hallmarks of this work include: 1) the ability to recycle the FLP phosphine-borane ligand (PB) after element deposition, and 2) the single-source precursor [PB{SiH 2 }] deposits Si films at a record low temperature from solution (110 8C). The dialkylsilicon(II) adduct [PB{SiMe 2 }] was also prepared, and shown to release poly(dimethylsilane) [SiMe 2 ] n upon heating. Overall, this study introduces a "closed loop" deposition strategy for semiconductors that steers materials science away from the use of harsh reagents or high temperatures. Scheme 1. General concept of FLP-assisted semiconductor (E) and polymer [ER 2 ] n deposition (E = Si, Ge).

Background Heritability measures the ratio of the genetic component to the total phenotypic variance or, in other words, how much genetics can account for the difference in the distribution of disease seen in a population (Visscher et al. 2008). Therefore, this is a concept applied to a "population" rather than to specific individuals. Knowledge of disease heritability can help set boundaries on the potential of genetic variants to explain health and disease traits, inform genetic risk estimation, and estimate familial disease risk (Smith 1971). Heritability has traditionally been estimated by conducting twin or family studies with different analytic approaches (Tenesa and Haley 2013) and, more recently, by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). GWASs have been used to estimate the overall genetic contribution to physical characteristics (e.g., human height; Yang et al. 2010) and diseases (e.g., glioma; Kinnersley et al. 2015). However, most GWASs have sample sizes that allow them to effectively examine only common variants (>1% or 5% minor allele frequency), providing a lower bound for narrow-sense heritability (Kinnersley et al. 2015). The heritability of periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, was estimated in animal models (Miley et al. 2011; Hiyari et al. 2015) and in humans. Notably, studies of twins reported periodontitis heritability estimates that vary from around 0.3 to 0.5 (30% to 50%; Michalowicz, Aeppli, Virag, et al. 1991; Corey et al. 1993; Mucci et al. 2005). In contrast, other studies rejected the hypothesis of substantial heritability for periodontitis (Dowsett et al. 2002). Overall, there is still a high degree of uncertainty regarding how much of the observed variance in gingivitis and periodontitis is attributable to genetics. In the era of precision medicine (Divaris 2017), with a continuous effort to derive individual disease susceptibility assessments to inform prevention and 842510J DRXXX10.

Crystals of KCdCO3F (I), RbCdCO3F (II), KZnCO3F (III), and RbZnCO3F (IV) are grown under subcritical hydrothermal conditions, using e.g. a 1:6:2 molar mixture of CdCl2, KF, and K2CO3 in H2O for KCdCO3F (autoclave, 220 °C, 5 d).

The first metal nitrate fluoride nonlinear optical material, Pb(NO)(HO)F, was synthesized with the largest second harmonic generation (SHG) effect (12 × KHPO) among nitrates. Theoretical calculations revealed the synergistic effect of [NO], lone pair electrons in Pb, and F for the SHG effect. The F also promoted the blue-shift of the ultraviolet cut-off edge.