Shotgun proteomics has grown rapidly in recent decades, but a large fraction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data in shotgun proteomics are not successfully identified. We have developed a novel database search algorithm, Open-pFind, to efficiently identify peptides even in an ultra-large search space which takes into account unexpected modifications, amino acid mutations, semi-or non-specific digestion and co-eluting peptides. Tested on two metabolically labeled MS/MS datasets, Open-pFind reported 50.5-117.0% more peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) than the seven other advanced algorithms. More importantly, the Open-pFind results were more credible judged by the verification experiments using stable isotopic labeling. Tested on four additional large-scale datasets, 70-85% of the spectra were confidently identified, and high-quality spectra were nearly completely interpreted by Open-pFind. Further, Open-pFind was over 40 times faster than the other three open search algorithms and 2-3 times faster than three restricted search algorithms. Re-analysis of an entire human proteome dataset consisting of ~25 million spectra using Open-pFind identified a total of 14,064 proteins encoded by 12,723 genes by requiring at least two uniquely identified peptides. In this search results, Open-pFind also excelled in an independent test for false positives based on the presence or absence of olfactory receptors. Thus, a practical use of the open search strategy has been realized by Open-pFind for the truly global-scale proteomics experiments of today and in the future.

Three identical new WEST Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) antennas have been designed, assembled then commissioned on plasma from 2013 to 2019. The WEST ICRH system is both load-resilient and compatible with long-pulse operations. The three antennas have been successfully operated together on plasma in 2019 and 2020. The load resilience capability has been demonstrated and the antenna feedback controls for phase and matching have been developed. The breakdown detection systems have been validated and successfully protected the antennas. The use of ICRH in combination with Lower Hybrid has triggered the first high confinement mode transitions identified on WEST.

36Current advances in sequencing technology have greatly increased the availability of 37 sequence data from public genetic databases. With data from GenBank, we assemble and 38 phylogenetically investigate a 19,740-taxon, five-locus supermatrix (i.e., atpB, rbcL, matK, 39 matR, and ITS) for rosids, a large clade containing over 90,000 species, or approximately a 40 quarter of all angiosperms (assuming an estimate of 400,000 angiosperm species). The 41 topology and divergence times of the five-locus tree generally agree with previous estimates 42 of rosid phylogeny, and we recover greater resolution and support in several areas along the 43 rosid backbone, but with a few significant differences (e.g., the placement of the COM clade, 44 as well as Myrtales, Vitales, and Zygophyllales). Our five-locus phylogeny is the most 45 comprehensive DNA data set yet compiled for the rosid clade. Yet, even with 19,740 species, 46 current sampling represents only 16-22% of all rosids, and we also find evidence of strong 47 49 asterids, monocots) as well as other large, understudied branches of the Tree of Life, 50 highlighting the need for broader molecular sampling. Nevertheless, the phylogeny presented 51 here improves upon sampling by more than two-fold and will be an important resource for 52 macroevolutionary studies of this pivotal clade. 53