This study investigated growth, safety, and tolerance in healthy infants consuming a partly fermented infant formula (IF) with postbiotics, 2′-linked fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a specific prebiotic mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), and milk fat. This double-blind, controlled trial randomised 215 fully IF-fed infants ≤ 14 days of age to either: Test Group (IF) containing 26% fermented formula with postbiotics derived from Lactofidus fermentation process (including 3′-Galactosyllactose; 3′-GL), 0.8 g/100 mL scGOS/lcFOS (9:1), 0.1 g/100 mL 2′-FL, and milk fat), or Control group (IF with 0.8 g/100 mL scGOS/lcFOS (9:1)) until 17 weeks of age. Fully breastfed infants were included as a reference. Anthropometric measures, gastrointestinal symptoms, and safety were assessed monthly. Equivalence in weight gain (primary outcome) between the Test and Control groups was confirmed (difference in means −0.08 g/day; 90% CI (−1.47;1.31)) with estimated mean weight gain (SE) of 31.00 (0.59) g/day and 31.08 (0.60) g/day, respectively, (PP population, n = 196). Equivalence in length and head circumference gain between the randomised groups was also confirmed. No statistically significant differences were observed in adverse events or gastrointestinal tolerance between randomised IF groups. A partly fermented IF with postbiotics, specific oligosaccharides, 2′-FL, and milk fat supports adequate infant growth and is safe and well-tolerated in healthy term infants.

Diet Dietary intakeNutritional deficiency Growth a b s t r a c t Aim: The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional status and eating behavior of young children and identify the prevalence of macro-and micronutrient diet deficiencies in Ukraine. Materials and methods: Three hundred and fifty children aged from 9 months to 3 years from central, eastern and western regions of Ukraine were involved in the cross-sectional study. Basic child's data were collected, health status was assessed by a physician, and parents used a 3-day food diary and a food questionnaire for self-completion. Data from the diaries and questionnaires were analyzed with DietPlan 6 software. Results: The diet composition was mostly adequate for age. Overall average provision with energy (1165.67 [29.67-4951.33] kcal/day), protein (40.53 [0.63-230.37] g/day) and carbohydrates (153.63 [3.53-708.7] g/day) exceeded the corresponding standards. The diet of the majority of children did not comply with the recommended intake of zinc (91%), iron (68%), calcium (61%), iodine (49%), vitamins A (99%), D (97%), B 6 (89%), B 12 (71%), E (70%) and B 1 (61%). Excessive weight was significantly associated with higher levels of energy, protein, carbohydrates and fat consumption. Overweight was reliably correlated with a higher diet's energy and carbohydrates content. Conclusions: The contemporary diet of young children in Ukraine, like in many other developed countries, is generally unbalanced, containing an excess of energy and protein as well as inadequate amount of many minerals and vitamins.

Розроблено структуру ознакових семантичних просторів. Отримані простори відображають упорядковане представлення варіативності процесу ожиріння. Таке уявлення дозволяє послідовно поглибити деталізацію процесу формоутворення тіла і отримати безперервний перехід від одного типу порушення обмінних процесів до іншого. Це сприятиме більш точній донозологичній діагностиці, а також її систематиці. Отримані результати можуть послужити розвитку досліджень особливостей протікання ожиріння і розробці інформаційної системи діагностики даної патології Ключові слова: семантичний простір, біологічний вік, ліпідний обмін, критерії оцінки, ожиріння Разработана структура признаковых семантических пространств. Полученные пространства отражают упорядоченное представление вариативности процесса ожирения. Такое представление позволяет последовательно углубить детализацию процесса формообразования тела и получить непрерывный переход от одного типа нарушения обменных процессов к другому. Это позволяет обеспечить более точную донозологическую диагностику, а также ее систематику. Полученные результаты могут послужить развитию исследований особенностей протекания ожирения и разработке информационной системы диагностики данной патологии Ключевые слова: семантическое пространство, биологический возраст, липидный обмен, критерии оценки, ожирение

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The subject of the article is the study of the color characteristics of video dermatoscopic images of affected skin areas of children with atopic dermatitis and the development of an automated diagnostic system for processing and analysis of dermatoscopic images. The aim of the work is to develop an objective method for assessing the skin condition of children with atopic dermatitis based on numerical analysis of images of affected skin areas. The objectives of the work were to collect a life history of children with atopic dermatitis, study the color characteristics of video dermatoscopic images of affected skin areas and further develop an automated diagnostic system for processing and analyzing dermatoscopic information. Research Methods. During the diagnostic examinations of children with atopic dermatitis, a history of life was collected and the initial dermatological status of patients was described. A comprehensive assessment of the severity of the disease was performed using the SCORAD index. Image registration was carried out using a UM039 digital video dermatoscope with optical magnification up to 200 times, resolution of the receiving matrix 2880 × 1800 image elements, equipped with a built-in block of adjustable LED lighting, a tripod and a rotary 3-inch display. The images were captured on a microSD card with subsequent transfer of data to the database on the computer. The results of the study, based on the data obtained, allowed us to assess the intensity and dynamics of the inflammatory processes of the affected areas of the skin of children with atopic dermatitis and to formulate the principles of the automated diagnostic system for processing and analysis of dermatoscopic images. Conclusion. At the end of the study, the authors conclude that to monitor the skin condition in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, the analysis of the color components of the affected areas on the HSV scale can be used, which allows the specialist to intuitively observe the results of the therapy in a natural color space for human perception. As prospects for the development of the work, the authors substantiate the prerequisites for the development of a complete automated system for the comprehensive diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and its clinical trial. Such a system can make it possible to form a preliminary diagnosis and determine the severity of the disease based on the evaluation of color channels of images of affected skin areas and additional diagnostic data.