Older age is one of the main risk factors for cancer development. The incidence of prostate cancer, as a multifactorial disease, also depends upon demographic factors, race, and genetic predisposition. Prostate cancer most frequently occurs in men over 60 years of age, indicating a clear association between older age and disease onset. Carcinogenesis is followed by the deregulation of many genes, and some of these changes could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of drug therapy efficacy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We have performed a bioinformatic analysis of a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and RNA-Seq profiling of a Russian patient cohort to reveal prognostic markers of locally advanced lymph node-negative prostate cancer (lymph node-negative LAPC). We also aimed to identify markers of the most common molecular subtype of prostate cancer carrying a fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG . We have found several genes that were differently expressed between the favorable and unfavorable prognosis groups and involved in the enriched KEGG pathways based on the TCGA ( B4GALNT4 , PTK6 , and CHAT ) and Russian patient cohort data ( AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 ). Additionally, we revealed such genes for the TMPRSS2-ERG prostate cancer molecular subtype ( B4GALNT4 , ASRGL1 , MYBPC1 , RGS11 , SLC6A14 , GALNT13 , and ST6GALNAC1 ). Obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression and could be used for further development of the LAPC prognosis marker panel.

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Pathology training resources remain scarce in many parts of the world. With rapid economic development comes the need to educate new pathologists to meet the medical care demands. Our aim was to set up a cost-effective system for training and testing the diagnostic skills of pathologists. Pathologists in nine countries in Asia and South America were invited by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) to participate in a prostate pathology education course combining image-based tests with lectures and on-line tutorials. The tests and tutorials are available free of charge at the ISUP education website www.edu.isupweb.org . A total of 603 pathologists registered on the website. Of these, 224 completed pre- and post-lecture assessments (tests 1 and 2). Replies were classified as correct/acceptable, when a lesion was accurately classified into clinically relevant categories (benign, cancer, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate). The rate of correct/acceptable replies increased from 60.7 to 72.3% in Tests 1 and 2, respectively. In Test 1, pathologists from upper middle, lower middle, and low resource countries gave a correct/acceptable diagnosis in 65.8%, 61.0%, and 47.4%, respectively. Their results improved in Test 2 to 76.4%, 72.5%, and 62.8%, respectively. The greatest improvement in diagnostic ability was achieved in pathologists from the low resource group of countries. The use of web-based testing and training, combined with lectures, is an efficient method for improving diagnostic skills of pathologists in low to middle resource countries.

Blood supply to the pelvic organs of outbred male rats was diminished by graduated constriction of the distal part of the inferior vena cava. Deficiency of intramural blood supply in prostate and urinary bladder was revealed by bioimpedance harmonic analysis according to the magnitude of first cardiac peak in the bioimpedance spectrogram. In 1-1.5 months, the histological examination revealed the glandular-stromal form of progressive benign prostatic hyperplasia in all ischemic rats. The development of hyperplasia was not accompanied by the changes in testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or estradiol in blood and prostatic tissue. Assessment of vesical functional status by recording the intravesical pressure during infusion cystometry revealed an increase in the amplitude of spontaneous fluctuations of detrusor tone and intravesical pressure during bladder filling, which can be considered as indicator of detrusor hyperactivity. The data conclude that chronic ischemia of pelvic organs is an individual pathogenic factor in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated urinary disorders.