Представлен обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований, посвященных применению на фоне противотуберкулезной терапии гепатопротекторов, в том числе препаратов производных метионина и содержащих янтарную кислоту�

The paper sets forth the stages of design and introduction of the new Russian tuberculosis (TB) drug perchlozon registered in the Russian Federation in 2012. Based on the results of Phases I-III clinical trials, the authors evaluate the efficacy and safety of the agent and consider the adverse effects of its treatment for respiratory TB. The use of perchlozon as a component of combination therapy versus standard chemotherapy regimens significantly reduces abacillation time in pulmonary TB caused by its drug-resistant pathogen. In terms of the higher prevalence of TB induced by its pathogen resistant to many drugs (with multiple and broad-spectrum drug resistance), perchlozon is an essential drug that has antituberculous activity mainly against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and gives patients with the severest and epidemiologically poor form of TB the chance to recover.

Tuberculosis is a granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being characterized by the development of caseous granulomas in various organs, mainly in lungs. M. tuberculosis is known to be a trigger for autoimmune inflammation, due to the possible mimicry of bacterial proteins as autoantigens. Recently, a significance of mesenchymal vimentin as an autoantigen in mycobacterial infections has been actively discussed. The aim of the present study was to determine autoantibodies for various vimentin modifications in the patients with tuberculosis.The study was performed in 2014-2017 and included 28 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (group I), 30 patients with nonspecific lung diseases (group II): 15 with granulomatous polyangiitis, and 15 with different alveolites. Control group consisted of healthy subjects (n = 40). Concentration of antibodies to mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) was measured using ELISA (ORGENTEC, Germany). The patients with elevated anti-MCV levels were tested for antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) using ELISA technique (EUROIMMUN, Germany). Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, USA), Statistica 10 (Statsoft, USA) using nonparametric analysis of samples with Mann-Whitney and Chi-square criteria, and Spearman method for correlation analysis. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.The anti-MCV concentrations were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis (group I, 60.7% of cases, 17/28) than in group II, and control group (23.6 and 25.0% of cases, respectively). No statistically significant differences were revealed between the results of anti-MVC and anti-CCP levels in comparison group with the control group (p = 0.18).High levels of anti-MCV antibodies in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis reflect an opportunity of developing autoimmune process in the disease pathogenesis. Measurement of plasma anti-MCV antibody concentrations may be important for correction of the therapy, especially upon administration of immunosuppressive and hormonal corticosteroid drugs. It has been shown that anti-CCP are not characteristic to the lung diseases.

The article highlights the experimental results on calf demand provision by mammary gland secretion during the first days of post-natal development. Changes in mammary gland secretion content during the transition process from colostrum to natural milk were showed. Lactoferrin level changes were demonstrated. Population-based composition of colostrum somatic cells was determined. A hypothesis concerning apoptosis role of the somatic cells and neutrophils’ burst was presented. The present study highlights calf provision with mammary gland secretion during the first 10 days of the postnatal development.

Цель: изучить показатели системы матриксные металлопротеиназы (ММП)/ингибиторы при инфильтративном туберкулезе легких (ИТЛ) в динамике интенсивной фазы лечения для разработки статистической модели прогноза характера репаративных изменений� Материалы и методы. В сыворотке крови 35 больных с верифицированным диагнозом ИТЛ с разным характером репаративных изменений в ходе интенсивной фазы терапии оценивали содержание проММП-1, ММП-8,-9, ТИMП-1 и α 2-макроглобулина методом ELISA (Bender MedSystems, USA)� Рассчитывали объемы инфильтративных изменений легочной ткани (ИЛТ) (Vitrea, Nodule Analysis)� Использовали программу Statistica 10, ANOVA Repeated Measures и мультидискриминантный анализ� Результаты. ИТЛ характеризуется нарушением баланса в системе ММП/ингибиторы независимо от характера репаративных изменений: повышением уровня ММП-9 и сохранением референтного уровня ТИМП-1 и α 2-макроглобулина� Уровень ММП-9 значимо снижается, но не нормализуется при всех вариантах инволюции процесса� Сохранение высоких значений ММП-8 снижает вероятность закрытия зон распада, тогда как повышение уровня ММП-1 способствует их рассасыванию� В оценке прогноза характера репаративных изменений по окончании фазы продолжения терапии при ИТЛ наиболее информативно сочетание уровней ММП/ингибиторы с ИЛТ в ходе интенсивной фазы терапии�