Gastric cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancer deaths. Identification of risk groups and special carcinogens will prevent the development of the tumor or detect it in the early stages, which will significantly increase the quality of life of patients with high risks of developing gastric cancer. For the timely detection of tumor development, it is optimal to use systematic screening. Undoubtedly, the approaches to the diagnosis of cancer have significant differences in the countries of the West and the East.

Lesions of the digestive system in diabetes mellitus (DM) are of secondary nature and arise due to autonomic neuropathy. As a result of hyperglycemia, lesions of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine develop. The most common disorder of the digestive system in diabetes is gastroparesis. The diagnosis of gastroparesis is currently insufficient. It is connected with low awareness and, as a consequence, rare visit of patients to specialists, and also with similarity of clinical symptoms with other functional disorders of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main risk factors for gastroparesis are hyperglycemia, smoking, alcohol, and certain medications. Most patients with gastroparesis suffer from depression and increased anxiety. Taking medications to treat depression negatively affects the function of the digestive system. This problem interferes with patients’ quality of life. During the pandemic of coronavirus infection, the number of patients seeking medical care due to exacerbation of gastrointestinal disorders increased. The question of etiology is subject to further study. This review also considers the effect of cholecystectomy on the development of gastroparesis in these patients. These patients need special monitoring of glucose levels to prescribe timely antidiabetic therapy and prevent future gastroparesis. For the treatment of lesions of the digestive system in diabetes mellitus, a special diet, in particular the exclusion of hard-to-digest fiber, fatty foods, inclusion of vitamin complexes and normalization of the microbiota plays a paramount role. The main therapeutic value is the timely diagnosis and normalization of glucose levels.

Background. The influenza vaccination coverage has steadily increased in the Russian Federation. The introduction of new domestic influenza vaccines into practice and the study of their effectiveness are of great importance for public health. However, a systematic analysis of the effectiveness of vaccines manufactured and used in Russia in recent years has not been performed. The aim ofthe study was to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of three domestic influenza vaccines in St. Petersburg during the 2018–2019 epidemic season.Material and methods. The organized community of 1892 young students aged 18 to 23 years has been under supervision during the period of time from October 2018 to March 2019. Influenza vaccines Grippol Plus, Sovigripp, and Ultrix were used for vaccination.Results and discussion. Prophylactic vaccination with influenza vaccines Sovigripp, Grippol Plus and Ultrix in the fall of 2018 led to a decrease in the incidence of influenza and other acute respiratory infections (ARI) by a total of 1.6–3.8 times; a decrease in the incidence of influenza by 2.7–7.1 times; the total protective efficacy of vaccines against influenza and ARI was 52.4%, and against influenza, taking into account laboratory correction, 73.3%.Conclusions. Under the conditions of the viruses circulating in Russia and in St. Petersburg in the 2018–2019 epidemic season the strains introduced into the composition of influenza vaccines, domestic influenza vaccines were characterized by good tolerance, were safe, areactogenic and had a pronounced protective effect. If the viruses circulating in Russia and in St. Petersburg in the 2018–2019 epidemic season corresponded to the strains introduced into the composition of influenza vaccines, domestic influenza vaccines, showing good tolerance, safety and low reactogenicity, had a pronounced protective effect.

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