Scientific Philanthropies are an important part of the research ecosystem, providing billions of dollars in support of research each year. Here we look at 11 of the top philanthropies to see how work they have funded has been cited and which articles have been supported or disputed in the literature.

1. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has funded 9,945 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 140,617 citation statements of which 6,074 indicate supporting evidence, 767 indicate disputing evidence, and 133,776 are mentioning.

1. Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings
2. Immunogenicity of Stabilized HIV-1 Envelope Trimers with Reduced Exposure of Non-neutralizing Epitopes
3. Stillbirths: rates, risk factors, and acceleration towards 2030
4. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect
5. Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED)
6. SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues
7. Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies
8. Pattern and diversity of cytokine production differentiates betweenMycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease
9. A blood RNA signature for tuberculosis disease risk: a prospective cohort study
10. Trimeric HIV-1-Env Structures Define Glycan Shields from Clades A, B, and G

2. Burroughs Wellcome Fund

The Burroughs Wellcome Fund has funded 2,190 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 42,809 citation statements of which 2,133 indicate supporting evidence, 190 indicate disputing evidence, and 40,486 are mentioning.

1. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
2. Genome-wide Analysis of Drosophila Circular RNAs Reveals Their Structural and Sequence Properties and Age-Dependent Neural Accumulation
3. Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling
4. Differential Requirement for Caspase-1 Autoproteolysis in Pathogen-Induced Cell Death and Cytokine Processing
5. Super-resolution chromatin tracing reveals domains and cooperative interactions in single cells
6. Cervicovaginal Bacteria Are a Major Modulator of Host Inflammatory Responses in the Female Genital Tract
7. Cervicovaginal Bacteria Are a Major Modulator of Host Inflammatory Responses in the Female Genital Tract
8. Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion
9. Fear Extinction in Traumatized Civilians with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Relation to Symptom Severity
10. Polyclonal breast cancer metastases arise from collective dissemination of keratin 14-expressing tumor cell clusters

3. David and Lucile Packard Foundation

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation has funded 2,037 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 36,781 citation statements of which 1,497 indicate supporting evidence, 144 indicate disputing evidence, and 35,140 are mentioning.

1. THE POPULATION GENETICS OF ADAPTATION: THE DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS FIXED DURING ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION
2. The human gut and groundwater harbor non-photosynthetic bacteria belonging to a new candidate phylum sibling to Cyanobacteria
3. Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914
4. Conserved and variable architecture of human white matter connectivity
5. Contingency and entrenchment in protein evolution under purifying selection
6. Crown group Oxyphotobacteria postdate the rise of oxygen
7. Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source
8. Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara
9. Balancing the Robustness and Efficiency of Odor Representations during Learning
10. Assessing vertebrate biodiversity in a kelp forest ecosystem using environmental DNA

4. Simons Foundation

The Simons Foundation has funded 6,781 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 97,665 citation statements of which 4,444 indicate supporting evidence, 338 indicate disputing evidence, and 92,883 are mentioning.

1. Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
2. The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI
3. Complexity, action, and black holes
4. A Balance between Secreted Inhibitors and Edge Sensing Controls Gastruloid Self-Organization
5. The neuronal architecture of the mushroom body provides a logic for associative learning
6. De novo mutations in congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental and other congenital anomalies
7. Large-scale topology and the default mode network in the mouse connectome
8. Stripe order in the underdoped region of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
9. Holographic Complexity Equals Bulk Action?
10. Microglial Activation and Increased Microglial Density Observed in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Autism

5. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation has funded 4,495 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 76,210 citation statements of which 3,246 indicate supporting evidence, 262 indicate disputing evidence, and 72,702 are mentioning.

1. Combined Analysis of Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations at T2K
2. Cosmological implications of baryon acoustic oscillation measurements
3. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis
4. Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans
5. Chemical dispersants can suppress the activity of natural oil-degrading microorganisms
6. Search for B−→Λp¯νν¯ with the BaBar experiment
7. Context-Dependent and Disease-Specific Diversity in Protein Interactions within Stress Granules
8. Motility-Driven Glass and Jamming Transitions in Biological Tissues
9. Extreme heterogeneity of influenza virus infection in single cells
10. Emergence of system roles in normative neurodevelopment

6. Silicon Valley Community Foundation

The Silicon Valley Community Foundation has funded 161 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 2,508 citation statements of which 66 indicate supporting evidence, 5 indicate disputing evidence, and 2,437 are mentioning.

1. Single-cell genomics identifies cell type–specific molecular changes in autism
2. Hypoxic control of metastasis
3. Scattering of gravity waves in subcritical flows over an obstacle
4. One-to-One Mapping between Steering and Joint Measurability Problems
5. Joint Measurability of Generalized Measurements Implies Classicality
6. CDC20B is required for deuterosome-mediated centriole production in multiciliated cells
7. Converting Nonclassicality into Entanglement
8. Localization in Fractonic Random Circuits
9. Exploring many-body localization and thermalization using semiclassical methods
10. Inclusion of Asparagopsis armata in lactating dairy cows’ diet reduces enteric methane emission by over 50 percent

7. John D. And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

The John D. And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation has funded 1,107 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 23,543 citation statements of which 1,349 indicate supporting evidence, 188 indicate disputing evidence, and 22,006 are mentioning.

1. Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model.
2. Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.
3. Psychometric properties and U.S. National norms of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS).
4. Age differences in resistance to peer influence.
5. Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans
6. Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research.
7. Age differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa Gambling Task.
8. Developmental trajectories in toddlers’ self-restraint predict individual differences in executive functions 14 years later: A behavioral genetic analysis.
9. Psychosocial adjustment among cancer survivors: Findings from a national survey of health and well-being.
10. The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: Genetic and environmental contributions.

8. Walton Family Foundation

The Walton Family Foundation has funded 157 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 1,808 citation statements of which 58 indicate supporting evidence, 5 indicate disputing evidence, and 1,745 are mentioning.

1. Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain
2. Reconciling divergent estimates of oil and gas methane emissions
3. Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children’s Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function
4. Assessment of Methane Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Pads using Mobile Measurements
5. Support for a ‘Center of Origin’ in the Coral Triangle: Cryptic diversity, recent speciation, and local endemism in a diverse lineage of reef fishes (Gobiidae: Eviota)
6. Thermal Dynamics of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Composites
7. Tracking the global footprint of fisheries
8. Fishery improvement projects: Performance over the past decade
9. Aerial Surveys of Elevated Hydrocarbon Emissions from Oil and Gas Production Sites
10. Effects of biological, economic and management factors on tuna and billfish stock status

9. John Templeton Foundation

The John Templeton Foundation has funded 3,589 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 58,603 citation statements of which 2,572 indicate supporting evidence, 231 indicate disputing evidence, and 55,800 are mentioning.

1. Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization
2. Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals.
3. Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
4. Complexity, action, and black holes
5. Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior.
6. On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism.
7. Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.
8. Humans use directed and random exploration to solve the explore–exploit dilemma.
9. Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior.
10. Exploring the role of the posterior middle temporal gyrus in semantic cognition: Integration of anterior temporal lobe with executive processes

10. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has funded 631 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 7,920 citation statements of which 435 indicate supporting evidence, 63 indicate disputing evidence, and 7,422 are mentioning.

1. A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities
2. Wood anatomy and wood density in shrubs: Responses to varying aridity along transcontinental transects
3. Barium-isotopic fractionation in seawater mediated by barite cycling and oceanic circulation
4. Considering fungal:bacterial dominance in soils — Methods, controls, and ecosystem implications
5. Relating belowground microbial composition to the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional trait distributions of trees in a tropical forest
6. Decline of photosynthetic capacity with leaf age and position in two tropical pioneer tree species
7. Toward a trophic theory of species diversity
8. The relationship between tree biodiversity and biomass dynamics changes with tropical forest succession
9. Adolescents exhibit behavioral differences from adults during instrumental learning and extinction.
10. Phylogeny of the Celastraceae inferred from phytochrome B gene sequence and morphology

11. Laura and John Arnold Foundation

The Laura and John Arnold Foundation has funded 291 publications in the scite database. These publications have received 4,700 citation statements of which 115 indicate supporting evidence, 17 indicate disputing evidence, and 4,568 are mentioning.

1. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
2. Promoting an open research culture
3. The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects*
4. The Power of Bias in Economics Research
5. How open science helps researchers succeed
6. An empirical assessment of transparency and reproducibility-related research practices in the social sciences (2014–2017)
7. Measuring clinical trial transparency: an empirical analysis of newly approved drugs and large pharmaceutical companies
8. The preregistration revolution
9. Dynamics of co-authorship and productivity across different fields of scientific research
10. Replication Study: Coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide enhances the efficacy of cancer drugs