0.5 V Current-Mode Low-Pass Filter Based on Voltage Second Generation Current Conveyor for Bio-Sensor Applications

Kumngern, Montree; Khateb, Fabian; Kulej, Tomasz

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3146328

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…( 19), where "τ " is a time constant, and the larger the value, the greater the data correction, but a time delay occurs. The final correction value (y n ) is calculated from the value corrected immediately before (y n−1 ) and the target value to be corrected (x n ) (Kumngern et al, 2022;Roberts and Mullis, 1987).…”

Section: Discussion (Black Ice Model Sensor Validation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation

Hong

Yun

Yum³

et al. 2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Fog, freezing rain, and snow (melt) quickly condense on road surfaces, forming black ice that is difficult to identify and causes major accidents on highways. As a countermeasure to prevent icing car accidents, it is necessary to predict the amount and location of black ice. This study advanced previous models through machine learning and multi-sensor-verified results. Using spatial (hill shade, river system, bridge, and highway) and meteorological (air temperature, cloudiness, vapour pressure, wind speed, precipitation, snow cover, specific heat, latent heat, and solar radiation energy) data from the study area (Suncheon–Wanju Highway in Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea), the amount and location of black ice were modelled based on system dynamics to predict black ice and then simulated with a geographic information system in units of square metres. The intermediate factors calculated as input factors were road temperature and road moisture, modelled using a deep neural network (DNN) and numerical methods. Considering the results of the DNN, the root mean square error was improved by 148.6 % and reliability by 11.43 % compared to a previous study (linear regression). Based on the model results, multiple sensors were buried at four selected points in the study area. The model was compared with sensor data and verified with the upper-tailed test (with a significance level of 0.05) and fast Fourier transform (freezing does not occur when frequency = 0.00001 Hz). Results of the verified simulation can provide valuable data for government agencies like road traffic authorities to prevent traffic accidents caused by black ice.

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Section: Discussion (Black Ice Model Sensor Validation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation

Hong

Yun

Yum³

et al. 2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…3, the second proposed LT1228-based electronically adjustable filter has a single input voltage of V in , and six output voltages of V o1 , V o2 , V o3 , V o4 , V o5 and V o6 . According to (14), the following six voltage transfer functions and their filter passband gains can be simultaneously obtained as:…”

Section: B Proposed the Second Vm Filter Based On Lt1228mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABBs have been published in the open technical literature [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. VM multifunction biquadratic filters composed of various highperformance ABBs, such as voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) [23], [24], [25], [26], current feedback amplifier (CFA) [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], differential difference transconductance amplifier (DDTA) [33], voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA) [34], voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) [35], [36], operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) [37], [38], [39], and LT1228 [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], can be found in the open literature and play an important role in various electronic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two New and Improved Electronically Adjustable Voltage-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filters With Independent Control of Band-Pass, High-Pass, and Low-Pass/Regular Notch Filter Gains

et al. 2023

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In this study, two new and improved electronically adjustable voltage-mode (VM) biquadratic filters using three off-the-shelf LT1228 integrated circuits (ICs), two grounded capacitors (GCs), and six resistors are proposed for independent control of the band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), and low-pass/regular notch (LPN/RN) filter gains. Each proposed electronically adjustable VM multifunction biquadratic filter has one input and six output voltages, enabling simultaneous realization of one low-pass (LP), two BP, two HP, and one LPN/RN filtering responses from the same configuration. Each filter parameter, namely the pole angular frequency (ω o ) and quality factor (Q), can be electronically controlled and orthogonally adjusted by the corresponding LT1228 bias current I B . In special cases, the parameters of ω o and Q can be electronically controlled and independently adjusted. Each electronically adjustable VM multifunction biquadratic filter has one high input impedance and three low output impedances for independent control of BP, HP, and LPN/RN filter gains. Due to its one high input impedance and three low output impedances, each proposed filter is suitable for cascaded VM circuits without external voltage buffers. Pspice simulations are used to verify the theoretical structure analysis of each proposed LT1228-based electronically adjustable VM multifunction biquadratic filter. Furthermore, experimental tests are performed using three off-theshelf LT1228 ICs, and several passive components to verify and evaluate the performance of each proposed LT1228-based biquadratic filter.INDEX TERMS LT1228, analog circuit design, integrated circuits, voltage-mode, filters.

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“…Second generation voltage conveyors (VCIIs) have been utilized for implementing conventional (i.e., non‐inverse) filters 10–16 . They are also used in Al‐Absi and Al‐Shahrani 17,18 for implementing first‐order voltage‐mode and current‐mode low pass and high pass inverse filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First‐order inverse filters: Implementations using a single voltage conveyor and potential applications

Psychalinos

Mınaeı

Yeşil

2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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First-order low pass and high pass inverse filter topologies, offering simplicity and independent adjustment of the gain and the characteristic frequency, are introduced in this work. These features are offered thanks to the terminals properties of the second generation voltage conveyor. In addition, possible applications of these types of filters are exploited. The behavior of a control system, where these filters are incorporated, is evaluated in both frequency and time-domain using the Cadence IC design suite.

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0.5 V Current-Mode Low-Pass Filter Based on Voltage Second Generation Current Conveyor for Bio-Sensor Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation

Development of black ice prediction model using GIS-based multi-sensor model validation

Two New and Improved Electronically Adjustable Voltage-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filters With Independent Control of Band-Pass, High-Pass, and Low-Pass/Regular Notch Filter Gains

First‐order inverse filters: Implementations using a single voltage conveyor and potential applications

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