Untitled

Abstract

Clinically relevant animal models of human cancer are important for studies of cancer biology, invasion and metastasis, and for investigating new forms of prognostic diagnosis and therapy. An ovarian tumor line (RMG-1: human clear cell carcinoma of the ovary) previously grown subcutaneously was implanted orthotopically as intact tissue into the ovarian capsule of 22 nude mice. The tumors showed progressive growth at the orthotopic site in all animals. Tumor-associated serum galactosyltransferase (GAT) tended to be positive in all nude -mice. The tumors invaded or metastasized to the contralateral ovary, retroperitoneum, mesentery and peritoneum, and omentum, and metastasized to the subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes and distant organs including the liver, kidney, pancreas, and diaphragm. In striking contrast, subcutaneous transplantation of this tumor resulted in growth in only 2 of 5 animals with local lymph node and kidney involvement but no retroperitoneal or peritoneal involvement. These findings suggest that orthotopic implantation provides a suitable micro-environment in which ovarian cancer can express its intrinsic clinically-relevant properties. This approach is relevant to the clinical features of ovarian cancer and is thought to be a useful model for studies of therapy for this cancer.

First In-Mouse Development and Application of a Surgically Relevant Xenograft Model of Ovarian Carcinoma

“…(Fig. 1B and 1E) [8], [33]–[35]. As the use of primary patient material in xenografts has resulted in phenotypic heterogeneity and tumour cell instability we decided to use a well-defined cell line and not primary patient material [28].…”

Fuling Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound, Suppresses Cell Proliferation and TGFβ-Induced EMT in Ovarian Cancer

“…In this study, both subcutaneous and intravenous injections were used in in vivo experiments. However, as a bridge to the clinic, lots of studies [16–19] have shown that implanting human tumor cells orthotopically into the organs of nude mice corresponding to the primary sites in humans results in an increased rate of metastasis in comparison with subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic implantation maybe provide a suitable micro-environment in which ovarian cancer have its intrinsic clinically-relevant properties [16,17,20]. Meanwhile, the orthotopic implantation models have been widely used in several studies on western drugs [21] and traditional Chinese medicines [22–26] as well as bacterial therapies [27–30].…”

New construction of an animal model for the orthotopic transplantation of an ovarian tumor

“…Orthotopic transplantation has the potential for broad application because it provides a microenvironment similar to that of the human body. The present orthotopic transplantation technique [5-9] is to first construct a Nude Mice Model of a subcutaneous transplanted tumor to supply the organism with cancer-cell strains, extract a small mass of the tumor tissue, open the ovarian capsule in the mouse under a dissecting microscope, and transplant the tissue mass into the ovarian parenchyma. This technique can only indirectly reflect the characteristics of ovarian cancer-cell strains.…”