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Fischer, Zofia; Bieńkowski, P.

doi:10.1023/a:1006058512644

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, surface adhering pyrolysis condensates, including water soluble compounds (e.g. carbonyls, alcohols and sugars), can easily be metabolised by soil microorganisms, as discussed intensely in literature (Fischer and Bienkowski 1998; Focht 1999; Steiner et al 2008). Furthermore, the type of biochar or soil characteristics, soil pH and biota, also have an influence on the biodegradability of phenolics (Baker and Mayfield 1980).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the type of biochar or soil characteristics, soil pH and biota, also have an influence on the biodegradability of phenolics (Baker and Mayfield 1980). Fischer and Bienkowski (1998) investigated the toxicity and intensity of soil metabolism when exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzenes, phenolics, furan derivates, naphthalene and numerous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. All these compounds can be consumed by strains of prototrophic bacteria occurring in the soils, as these compounds can be used as food by soil organisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyroligneous acid (pyrolysis liquids) has been added to soils, used to control pests and diseases (Focht 1999). It has been illustrated that when bio-oils are added to soils, that these pyrolysis compounds are easily metabolised by soil microbes and bacteria, and even intensify the respiratory metabolism of the soils (Fischer and Bienkowski 1998; Steiner et al 2008). However, some of the typical biomass pyrolysis liquid compounds, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case study: what is leached from mallee biochars as a function of pH?

Lievens

Mourant

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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Biochar is widely considered as a soil amendment. This study aims to investigate the leaching of macronutrients (K, Mg and Ca) and organics from biochars produced from mallee biomass (wood, leaf, bark) in a fluidised-bed pyrolyser at 500 °C. Biochars were soaked in solutions of varying pH values and shaken for a pre-set period of time ranging from 1 h to 4 weeks. The initial pH values of the leaching solutions used (3.4, 5.5, 7 and 8.5) covered the pH range of the soils in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia (WA). For these bark, leaf and wood biochars, we can conclude that the biochars have a liming capacity for the acid soils of the WA Wheatbelt, depending on the feedstock. The maximum leachabilities and leaching kinetics of the macronutrients K, Mg and Ca depend on the pH of the solution in which biochar was soaked. Apparently, Ca, K and Mg in biomass are converted into different species upon pyrolysis, and the biomass species are critical for the extent of the leachability of macronutrients. Further, the chemical form of each nutrient retained in the biochars will dictate the kinetics as a function of soil pH. This study’s GC/MS analysis of solvent extraction of the biochars showed potential toxicity due to the leaching of light organic compounds when biochars are added to soils. Furthermore, this study also showed the influence of pH on the leaching of large aromatic organics from the biochars. Apart from the pH of leaching solution, the influence of the biomass feedstock on the leaching kinetics of large aromatic organics from biochars was demonstrated. These leached aromatic organics were characterised by UV-fluorescence spectroscopy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case study: what is leached from mallee biochars as a function of pH?

Lievens

Mourant

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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“…In addition, tar compounds formation in dry pyrolysis is a problem that does not existing in HTC process. (Fischer and Bieńkowski, 1999;Antal and Grønli, 2003;Sadaka and Negi, 2009; The disadvantages of HTC treatment are the energy consumption that takes place when the saturated steam (up to 220°C) is being warmed up in the reactor, and the relative high pressure required (25 bars). (Ramke et al 2009) In dry pyrolysis, energy can be obtained by burning formed synthesis gas.…”

Section: Dry Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon from Renewable Sources: Thermochemical Conversion and Activation of Biomass and Carbon Residues from Biomass Gasification

Bergna

Romar

Tuomikoski

et al. 2017

Waste Biomass Management – A Holistic Approach

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Activated carbon is one of the most widely applied adsorbent. As a porous carbon, it is used for the purification of both gaseous and liquid emissions. Activated carbon is prepared from fossil resources, such as coal, or from biomass through (hydro)thermal processing followed by chemical and/or physical activation. Further, some biomass thermal treatment processes, such as biomass gasification, produce carbon residues that can be modified to activated carbon with physical or chemical activation methods. The desired properties of activated carbon, i.e. high specific surface area and porosity, high carbon content and excellent sorption capacity, can be modified and optimized during thermochemical treatment and activation. Those properties, which are shortly considered, are important in different applications for activated carbon.

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