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Abstract

At concentrations of PBCA nanoparticles and polysorbate-80 that achieve significant drug delivery to the brain, there is little in vivo or in vitro evidence to suggest that a generalized toxic effect on the BBB is the primary mechanism for drug delivery to the brain. The fact that dalargin has to be preadsorbed onto nanoparticles before it is effective in inducing antinociception suggests specific mechanisms of delivery to the CNS rather than a simple disruption of the BBB allowing a diffusional drug entry.

Nanoparticles in cellular drug delivery

“…The biologically inert polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been covalently linked onto the surface of nanoparticles. [24][25][26] This polymeric coating is thought to reduce immunogenicity, and limit the phagocytosis of nanoparticles by the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in increased blood levels of drug in organs such as the brain, intestines, and kidneys. 27,28 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, such as PLA and PLGA, for human use.…”

Biomaterials for the central nervous system

“…Current research areas are focused on anaesthetic and chemotherapeutic agents (Lockman et al 2002). Drugs that have been successfully delivered to the CNS using PBCA NPs include dalargin, loperamide, tubocurarine and doxorubicin (Alyautdin et al 1997;Gulyaev et al 1999;Ramge et al 2000;Kreuter et al 2003).…”

Nanotechnology platforms in Parkinson’s Disease

“…Also, there are conflicting reports regarding toxicity of certain nanoparticles which cross the blood brain barrier [136][137][138]. This has called for further evaluation of nanoparticles for surface properties, size and constituents for finetuning the therapeutic effects while avoiding toxic effects [136].…”